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Poland

parliamentary republic

Poland's history as a state began near the middle of the 10th century. By the mid-16th century, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth ruled a vast tract of land in Central and Eastern Europe. During the 18th century, internal disorder weakened the nation, and in a series of agreements between 1772 and 1795, Russia, Prussia, and Austria partitioned Poland among themselves.

Profile

CapitalWarsaw
Population38.7M
GDP$1649.0B
Area312,685 km²
LanguagePolish (official) 98.2%, Silesian 1.4%, other 1.1%, unspecified 1.2% (2011 est.)
Currencyzlotych (PLN) per US dollar -

Leadership

Head of State

Karol Nawrocki

Since 2025

Head of Government

Donald Tusk

Since 2023

At a Glance

Population

38.7M

GDP (PPP)

$1649B

Global Rankings

50thGDP per Capitaof 21720thGDP (PPP)of 219101stLife Expectancyof 22639thPopulationof 23370th

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