Andorra

Parliamentary Democracy (Since March 1993) That Retains Its Chiefs Of State In The Form Of A Co-PrincipalityPop82KGDP (PPP)$5.4BCI80Beta CP0.0→Beta

Some figures reconciled across multiple sources via Civica's methodology (v0.2 BETA). Methodology →

Andorra

⌘K

Overview

Background: The landlocked Principality of Andorra -- one of the smallest states in Europe and nestled high in the Pyrenees between the French and Spanish borders -- is the last independent survivor of the Hispanic March states created by Frankish King Charlemagne in 795 after he halted the Moorish invasion of Spain. The March states were a series of buffer states to keep the Muslim Moors from advancing into Christian France. For 715 years, from 1278 to 1993, Andorrans lived under a unique co-principality, ruled by French and Spanish leaders (from 1607 onward, the French chief of state and the Bishop of Urgell). In 1993, this feudal system was modified with the introduction of a modern constitution; the co-princes remained as titular heads of state, but the government transformed into a parliamentary democracy.
Andorra's winter sports, summer climate, and duty-free shopping attract approximately 8 million people each year. Andorra has also become a wealthy international commercial center because of its mature banking sector and low taxes. As part of the effort to modernize its economy, Andorra has opened to foreign investment and engaged in other reforms, such as tax initiatives aimed at supporting broader infrastructure. Although not a member of the EU, Andorra enjoys a special relationship with the bloc that is governed by various customs and cooperation agreements, and Andorra uses the euro as its national currency.

Geography

Area

Land: 468 sq km
Water: 0 sq km
Total: 468 sq km

Climate: temperate; snowy, cold winters and warm, dry summers
Terrain: rugged mountains dissected by narrow valleys

Land Use

Other: 21.4% (2023 est.)
Forest: 38.7% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: 39.9% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 1.6% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 0% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 38.3% (2023 est.)

Location: Southwestern Europe, Pyrenees mountains, on the border between France and Spain
Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)

Elevation

Lowest point: Riu Runer 840 m
Highest point: Pic de Coma Pedrosa 2,946 m
Mean elevation: 1,996 m

Irrigated land: 0 sq km (2022)
Map references: Europe

Land Boundaries

Total: 118 km
Border countries: France 55 km; Spain 63 km

Maritime claims: none (landlocked)
Natural hazards: avalanches
Geography note: landlocked; straddles a number of important crossroads in the Pyrenees
Natural resources: hydropower, mineral water, timber, iron ore, lead
Area comparative: 2.5 times the size of Washington, D.C.
Geographic coordinates: 42 30 N, 1 30 E
Population distribution: population is unevenly distributed and is concentrated in the seven urbanized valleys that make up the country's parishes (political administrative divisions)

People & Society

Languages: Catalan (official) 44.1%, Castilian 40.3%, Portuguese 13.5%, French 10%, English 3%, other 6.8% (2022 est.)
Religions: Christian (predominantly Roman Catholic) 89.5, other 8.8%, unaffiliated 1.7% (2020 est.)

Sex Ratio

At birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
0 14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
15 64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
Total population: 1.05 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
65 years and over: 1.03 male(s)/female

Birth rate: 6.88 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Death rate: 8.14 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Median Age

Male: 48.7 years
Total: 49.4 years (2025 est.)
Female: 48.8 years

Population

Male: 43,652
Total: 85,370 (2024 est.)
Female: 41,718

Nationality

Noun: Andorran(s)
Adjective: Andorran

Tobacco Use

Male: 31.7% (2025 est.)
Total: 33% (2025 est.)
Female: 34.4% (2025 est.)

Urbanization

Urban population: 87.8% of total population (2023)
Rate of urbanization: 0.11% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Age Structure

0 14 years: 12% (male 5,276/female 4,954)
15 64 years: 67.7% (male 29,562/female 28,201)
65 years and over: 20.4% (2024 est.) (male 8,814/female 8,563)

Ethnic groups: Spanish 34.3%, Andorran 32.1%, Portuguese 10%, French 5.6%, other 18% (2024 est.)

Dependency Ratios

Total dependency ratio: 47.8 (2024 est.)
Youth dependency ratio: 17.7 (2024 est.)
Potential support ratio: 3.3 (2024 est.)
Elderly dependency ratio: 30.1 (2024 est.)

Physician density: 5.07 physicians/1,000 population (2023)

Health Expenditure

Health expenditure (as % of GDP): 8.3% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 15.9% of national budget (2022 est.)

Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Total fertility rate: 1.47 children born/woman (2025 est.)

Drinking Water Source

Improved: rural: rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)
Improved: total: total: 100% of population (2022 est.)
Improved: urban: urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)
Unimproved: rural: rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Unimproved: total: total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Unimproved: urban: urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)

Education Expenditure

Education expenditure (% GDP): 1.9% of GDP (2023 est.)
Education expenditure (% national budget): 12.1% national budget (2025 est.)

Infant Mortality Rate

Male: 3.4 deaths/1,000 live births
Total: 3.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)
Female: 3.2 deaths/1,000 live births

Population growth rate: -0.12% (2025 est.)
Gross reproduction rate: 0.71 (2025 est.)
Population distribution: population is unevenly distributed and is concentrated in the seven urbanized valleys that make up the country's parishes (political administrative divisions)

Life Expectancy at Birth

Male: 81.6 years
Female: 86.2 years
Total population: 83.8 years (2024 est.)

Maternal mortality ratio: 11 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

Sanitation Facility Access

Improved: rural: rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)
Improved: total: total: 100% of population (2022 est.)
Improved: urban: urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)
Unimproved: rural: rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Unimproved: total: total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Unimproved: urban: urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)

Alcohol Consumption Per Capita

Beer: 3.59 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Wine: 4.98 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Total: 10.99 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Spirits: 2.32 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Major urban areas population: 23,000 ANDORRA LA VELLA (capital) (2018)
Obesity adult prevalence rate: 25.6% (2016)
Mother's mean age at first birth: 32.8 years (2019)

School Life Expectancy (Primary to Tertiary Education)

Male: 14 years (2023 est.)
Total: 14 years (2023 est.)
Female: 15 years (2023 est.)

Government

Civica · structure

How power is organised

ExecutiveLegislative

Flag: description: three vertical bands of blue (left side), yellow, and red, with the national coat of arms centered in the yellow band, which is slightly wider than the other two; the coat of arms features a quartered shield with the emblems of Urgell, Foix, Bearn, and Catalonia; the motto reads VIRTUS UNITA FORTIOR (Strength United is Stronger)

meaning: the flag combines the blue and red French colors with the red and yellow of Spain to symbolize Franco-Spanish protection

Capital

Name: Andorra la Vella
Etymology: translates as "Andorra the Old" in Catalan
Time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
Geographic coordinates: 42 30 N, 1 31 E

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

Citizenship

Citizenship BY birth: no
Citizenship BY descent only: the mother must be an Andorran citizen or the father must have been born in Andorra and both parents maintain permanent residence in Andorra
Dual citizenship recognized: no
Residency requirement for naturalization: 25 years

Constitution

History: drafted 1991, approved by referendum 14 March 1993, effective 28 April 1993
Amendment process: proposed by the co-princes jointly or by the General Council; passage requires at least a two-thirds majority vote by the General Council, ratification in a referendum, and sanctioning by the co-princes

Country Name

Etymology: the origin of the country's name is obscure; may originate from the Navarrese word andurrial, meaning "shrub-covered land;" alternatively, may derive from the Arabic ad-darra meaning "the forest," a reference to its location; many other theories exist
Local long form: Principat d'Andorra
Local short form: Andorra
Conventional long form: Principality of Andorra
Conventional short form: Andorra

Independence: 1278 (formed under the joint sovereignty of the French Count of Foix and the Spanish Bishop of Urgell)
Legal system: mixed legal system of civil and customary law with the influence of canon (religious) law
Government type: parliamentary democracy (since March 1993) that retains its chiefs of state in the form of a co-principality; the two princes are the President of France and Bishop of Seu d'Urgell, Spain

Judicial Branch

Highest court(s): Supreme Court of Justice of Andorra or Tribunal Superior de la Justicia d'Andorra (consists of the court president and 8 judges organized into civil, criminal, and administrative chambers); Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional (consists of 4 magistrates)
Subordinate courts: Tribunal of Judges or Tribunal de Batlles; Tribunal of the Courts or Tribunal de Corts
Judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court president and judges appointed by the Supreme Council of Justice, a 5-member judicial policy and administrative body appointed 1 each by the co-princes, 1 by the General Council, 1 by the executive council president, and 1 by the courts; judges serve 6-year renewable terms; Constitutional magistrates - 2 appointed by the co-princes and 2 by the General Council; magistrates' appointments limited to 2 consecutive 8-year terms

Executive Branch

Cabinet: Executive Council composed of head of government and 11 ministers designated by the head of government
Chief of state: Co-prince Emmanuel MACRON (since 14 May 2017); represented by Patrick STROZDA (since 14 May 2017); and Co-prince Archbishop Joan-Enric VIVES i Sicilia (since 12 May 2003); represented by Eduard Ibanez PULIDO (since 27 November 2023)
Election results: 2023: Xaviar Espot ZAMORA (DA) reelected head of government; percent of General Council vote - 57.1%

2019: Xaviar Espot ZAMORA (DA) elected head of government; percent of General Council vote - 60.7
Head of government: Prime Minister Xavier Espot ZAMORA (since 16 May 2019)
Most recent election date: 2 April 2023
Election/appointment process: head of government indirectly elected by the General Council (Andorran parliament), formally appointed by the co-princes for a 4-year term; the leader of the majority party in the General Council is usually elected head of government
Expected date of next election: April 2027

National holiday: Our Lady of Meritxell Day, 8 September (1278)
National color(s): blue, yellow, red

National Heritage

Total world heritage sites:  1 (cultural)
Selected world heritage site locales: Madriu-Perafita-Claror Valley

Political parties: Concordia or C
Democrats for Andorra or DA
Forward Andorra or AE
Liberals of Andorra or L'A
Social Democratic Party or PS
Social Democracy and Progress or SDP

Legislative Branch

Note: note: voters cast two separate ballots -- one for the national election and one for their parish
Term in office: 4 years
Number of seats: 28 (all directly elected)
Electoral system: mixed system
Legislature name: General Council (Consell General)
Scope of elections: full renewal
Legislative structure: unicameral
Most recent election date: 4/2/2023
Expected date of next election: April 2027
Percentage of women in chamber: 50%
Parties elected and seats per party: Democrats for Andorra (DA) and its allies (17); Concordia (Concòrdia) and its allies (5); Andorra Forward (Andorra Endavant) (3); Social Democrat Party (PS) - Social Democracy and Progress (SDP) (3)

National Anthem(s)

Title: "El Gran Carlemany" (The Great Charlemagne)
History: adopted 1921; the anthem provides a brief history of Andorra in a first-person narrative
Lyrics/music: Joan BENLLOCH i VIVO/Enric MARFANY BONS

National symbol(s): red cow (breed unspecified)
Administrative divisions: 7 parishes (parroquies, singular - parroquia); Andorra la Vella, Canillo, Encamp, Escaldes-Engordany, La Massana, Ordino, Sant Julia de Loria

Diplomatic Representation in the US

Fax: [1] (212) 750-6630
Chancery: 2 United Nations Plaza, 27th Floor, New York, NY 10017
Telephone: [1] (212) 750-8064
Chief of mission: Ambassador Joan FORNER ROVIRA (since 13 January 2025); note - also Permanent Representative to the UN
Email address and website: contact@andorraun.org

https://www.exteriors.ad/en/embassies-of-andorra/andorra-usa-embassy

Diplomatic Representation from the US

Embassy: the US does not have an embassy in Andorra; the US ambassador to Spain is accredited to Andorra; US interests in Andorra are represented by the US Consulate General's office in Barcelona (Spain); mailing address: Paseo Reina Elisenda de Montcada, 23, 08034 Barcelona, Espana; telephone: [34] (93) 280-22-27; FAX: [34] (93) 280-61-75; email address: Barcelonaacs@state.gov

International organisations: CE, FAO, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IFRCS, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITU, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, Union Latina, UNWTO, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WTO (observer)
International law organization participation: has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

Legislature

ANDORRA · LEGISLATURE

General Council

28 seats · hover a seat for the party

Total seats

Majority line

Largest party

Third Way

Parties

All political parties3 parties · 28 seats · click to dim in hemicycle

Leaders

Current

EM
Emmanuel Macron
- Head of StateSince 2017
XZ
Xavier Espot Zamora
- Head of GovernmentSince 2019

Economy

Budget

Note: note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Revenues: $1.054 billion (2023 est.)
Expenditures: $989.38 million (2023 est.)

Exports

Civica canonical (reconciled): $2.446 billion (2021 est.)

Note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Exports 2021: $2.446 billion (2021 est.)
Exports 2022: $2.736 billion (2022 est.)
Exports 2023: $3.169 billion (2023 est.)

Imports

Civica canonical (reconciled): $2.143 billion (2021 est.)

Note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports 2021: $2.143 billion (2021 est.)
Imports 2022: $2.44 billion (2022 est.)
Imports 2023: $2.716 billion (2023 est.)

Industries: tourism (particularly skiing), banking, timber, furniture

Public Debt

Civica canonical (reconciled): 40.0%

Public debt 2013: 41.4% of GDP (2013 est.)

Remittances

Note: note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Remittances 2021: 1.6% of GDP (2021 est.)
Remittances 2022: 1.3% of GDP (2022 est.)
Remittances 2023: 1.3% of GDP (2023 est.)

Exchange Rates

Note: note: while not an EU member state, Andorra has a 2011 monetary agreement with the EU to produce limited euro coinage—but not banknotes—that began enforcement in April 2012
Currency: euros (EUR) per US dollar -
Exchange rates 2020: 0.876 (2020 est.)
Exchange rates 2021: 0.845 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2022: 0.951 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2023: 0.925 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2024: 0.924 (2024 est.)

Economic overview: high GDP; low unemployment; non-EU Euro user; co-principality duty-free area between Spain and France; tourist hub but hit hard by COVID-19; modern, non-tax haven financial sector; looking for big tech investments; new member of SEPA and IMF
Exports partners: Spain 39%, USA 21%, France 11%, UK 5%, UAE 3% (2023)
Imports partners: Spain 65%, France 11%, Germany 4%, China 3%, Italy 3% (2023)

Real GDP Per Capita

Civica canonical (reconciled): $74,939

Note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP per capita 2022: $63,900 (2022 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2023: $64,600 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2024: $65,900 (2024 est.)

Real GDP Growth Rate

Civica canonical (reconciled): 3.4%

Note: note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
Real GDP growth rate 2022: 9.6% (2022 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2023: 2.6% (2023 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2024: 3.4% (2024 est.)

Agricultural products: small quantities of rye, wheat, barley, oats, vegetables, tobacco, sheep, cattle
Exports commodities: paintings, integrated circuits, cars, orthopedic appliances, garments (2023)
Imports commodities: cars, refined petroleum, garments, perfumes, electricity (2023)

Current Account Balance

Civica canonical (reconciled): $648.9M

Note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Current account balance 2021: $499.422 million (2021 est.)
Current account balance 2022: $393.62 million (2022 est.)
Current account balance 2023: $538.287 million (2023 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate): $4.04 billion (2024 est.)

Inflation Rate (Consumer Prices)

Civica canonical (reconciled): 6.2% (2022 est.)

Note: note: annual % change based on consumer prices
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020: 0.1% (2020 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021: 1.7% (2021 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022: 6.2% (2022 est.)

Industrial production growth rate: 6% (2024 est.)

Real GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)

Civica canonical (reconciled): $5.402 billion (2024 est.)

Note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022: $5.094 billion (2022 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023: $5.226 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024: $5.402 billion (2024 est.)

GDP Composition, BY Sector of Origin

Note: note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
Industry: 12.8% (2024 est.)
Services: 77.6% (2024 est.)
Agriculture: 0.5% (2024 est.)

Energy

Electricity Access

Electrification total population: 100% (2022 est.)

Communications

Internet Users

Percent of population: 95% (2023 est.)

Broadcast media: the media scene is partly shaped by the proximity to France and Spain; Andorrans have access to broadcasts from both countries (2023)
Internet country code: .ad

Telephones Fixed Lines

Total subscriptions: 52,000 (2023 est.)
Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 64 (2023 est.)

Telephones Mobile Cellular

Total subscriptions: 126,214 (2023 est.)
Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 156 (2024 est.)

Broadband Fixed Subscriptions

Total: 42,000 (2023 est.)
Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 52 (2023 est.)

Transport

Heliports: 2 (2025)
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix: C3

Environment

Climate: temperate; snowy, cold winters and warm, dry summers

Land Use

Other: 21.4% (2023 est.)
Forest: 38.7% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: 39.9% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 1.6% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 0% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 38.3% (2023 est.)

Urbanization

Urban population: 87.8% of total population (2023)
Rate of urbanization: 0.11% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Waste and Recycling

Municipal solid waste generated annually: 43,000 tons (2024 est.)

Environmental issues: deforestation; soil erosion from overgrazing; air pollution; wastewater treatment and solid waste disposal
Particulate matter emissions: 8.5 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Total renewable water resources: 315.6 million cubic meters (2022 est.)

International Environmental Agreements

Party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
Signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Military & Security

Military note: defense is the responsibility of France and Spain
Military and security forces: no regular military forces; Police Corps of Andorra (under the Ministry of Justice and Interior)

Scores & Rankings

ScoreValueGlobal rankTrendAs of

Civica Index80.0 / 100as of 2024-Q422 / 1902024-Q4

Freedom House StatusFree (100/100)as of 2024-Q4—2024-Q4

Press Freedom (RSF)Partly free (50/100)as of 2024—2024

Cite this page

Cite this pageAPA · BibTeX · Chicago · JSON

Civica. (2026). Civica Atlas — Andorra — vintage 2026-Q1: Andorra factbook. Civica Atlas. Retrieved May 7, 2026, from https://civicaatlas.org/factbook/andorra

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Sources: FAO FAOSTAT, IMF (WEO), UN Statistics Division, UNDP HDR, UNESCO Institute for Statistics, WHO Global Health Observatory, World Bank, WTO Stats, CIA World Factbook, Wikidata

Andorra

Area

Land Use

Elevation

Land Boundaries

Sex Ratio

Median Age

Population

Nationality

Tobacco Use

Urbanization

Age Structure

Dependency Ratios

Health Expenditure

Drinking Water Source

Education Expenditure

Infant Mortality Rate

Life Expectancy at Birth

Sanitation Facility Access

Alcohol Consumption Per Capita

School Life Expectancy (Primary to Tertiary Education)

How power is organised

Capital

Citizenship

Constitution

Country Name

Judicial Branch

Executive Branch

National Heritage

Legislative Branch

National Anthem(s)

Diplomatic Representation in the US

Diplomatic Representation from the US

General Council

Current

Emmanuel Macron

Xavier Espot Zamora

Budget

Exports

Imports

Public Debt

Remittances

Exchange Rates

Real GDP Per Capita

Real GDP Growth Rate

Current Account Balance

Inflation Rate (Consumer Prices)

Real GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)

GDP Composition, BY Sector of Origin

Electricity Access

Internet Users

Telephones Fixed Lines

Telephones Mobile Cellular

Broadband Fixed Subscriptions

Land Use

Urbanization

Waste and Recycling

International Environmental Agreements

Cite this page