Bermuda

Overseas Territory Of The UK With Limited Self-GovernmentPop73KGDP (PPP)$6.8BCP0.0→Beta

Bermuda

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Overview

Background: Bermuda was first settled in 1609 by shipwrecked English colonists heading for Virginia. Self-governing since 1620, Bermuda is the oldest and most populous of the British Overseas Territories. Vacationing on the island to escape North American winters first developed in Victorian times. Tourism continues to be important for the island's economy, although international business has overtaken it in recent years as Bermuda has developed into a highly successful offshore financial center. A referendum on independence from the UK was soundly defeated in 1995.

Geography

Area

Land: 54 sq km
Water: 0 sq km
Total: 54 sq km

Climate: subtropical; mild, humid; gales, strong winds common in winter
Terrain: low hills separated by fertile depressions

Land Use

Other: 80% (2023 est.)
Forest: 14.4% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: 5.6% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 5.6% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)
Agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.)

Location: North America, group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, east of South Carolina (US)
Coastline: 103 km

Elevation

Lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
Highest point: Town Hill 79 m

Irrigated land: NA
Map references: North America

Land Boundaries

Total: 0 km

Maritime Claims

Territorial sea: 12 nm
Exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Natural hazards: hurricanes (June to November)
Geography note: the archipelago consists of over 170 coral islands and islets with ample rainfall, as well as thousands of cays, but no rivers or freshwater lakes; some land was leased by the US Government from 1941 to 1995
Natural resources: limestone, pleasant climate fostering tourism
Area comparative: about one-third the size of Washington, D.C.
Geographic coordinates: 32 20 N, 64 45 W
Population distribution: relatively even population distribution throughout

People & Society

Languages: English (official), Portuguese
Religions: Protestant 46.2% (includes Anglican 15.8%, African Methodist Episcopal 8.6%, Seventh Day Adventist 6.7%, Pentecostal 3.5%, Methodist 2.7%, Presbyterian 2.0%, Church of God 1.6%, Baptist 1.2%, Salvation Army 1.1%, Brethren 1.0%, other Protestant 2.0%), Roman Catholic 14.5%, Jehovah's Witness 1.3%, other Christian 9.1%, Muslim 1%, other 3.9%, none 17.8%, unspecified 6.2% (2010 est.)

Sex Ratio

At birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
0 14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15 64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
Total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
65 years and over: 0.74 male(s)/female

Birth rate: 10.82 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Death rate: 9.4 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Median Age

Male: 41.5 years
Total: 43.9 years (2025 est.)
Female: 46.3 years

Population

Male: 35,401
Total: 72,800 (2024 est.)
Female: 37,399

Nationality

Noun: Bermudian(s)
Adjective: Bermudian

Urbanization

Urban population: 100% of total population (2023)
Rate of urbanization: -0.2% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Age Structure

0 14 years: 16.4% (male 6,133/female 5,817)
15 64 years: 60.9% (male 22,247/female 22,113)
65 years and over: 22.7% (2024 est.) (male 7,021/female 9,469)

Ethnic groups: African descent 52%, White 31%, mixed 9%, Asian 4%, other 4% (2010 est.)

Dependency Ratios

Total dependency ratio: 64.1 (2024 est.)
Youth dependency ratio: 26.9 (2024 est.)
Potential support ratio: 2.7 (2024 est.)
Elderly dependency ratio: 37.2 (2024 est.)

Net migration rate: 1.31 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Total fertility rate: 1.88 children born/woman (2025 est.)

Drinking Water Source

Improved: total: total: 99.9% of population (2022 est.)
Improved: urban: urban: 99.9% of population (2022 est.)
Unimproved: total: total: 0.1% of population (2022 est.)
Unimproved: urban: urban: 0.1% of population (2022 est.)

Education Expenditure

Education expenditure (% GDP): 1.9% of GDP (2023 est.)
Education expenditure (% national budget): 7.8% national budget (2017 est.)

Infant Mortality Rate

Male: 2.5 deaths/1,000 live births
Total: 2.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)
Female: 1.8 deaths/1,000 live births

Population growth rate: 0.27% (2025 est.)
Gross reproduction rate: 0.92 (2025 est.)
Population distribution: relatively even population distribution throughout

Life Expectancy at Birth

Male: 79.4 years
Female: 85.7 years
Total population: 82.5 years (2024 est.)

Sanitation Facility Access

Improved: total: total: 99.9% of population (2022 est.)
Improved: urban: urban: 99.9% of population (2022 est.)
Unimproved: total: total: 0.1% of population (2022 est.)
Unimproved: urban: urban: 0.1% of population (2022 est.)

Major urban areas population: 10,000 HAMILTON (capital) (2018)
Currently married women (ages 15 49): 49.7% (2016 est.)

School Life Expectancy (Primary to Tertiary Education)

Male: 11 years (2023 est.)
Total: 12 years (2023 est.)
Female: 12 years (2023 est.)

Government

Flag: description: a red field with the UK flag in the upper-left quadrant and the Bermudian coat of arms centered on the right half of the flag; the coat of arms is a white shield with a red lion on a green field, holding a scroll showing the sinking of the ship "Sea Venture"

history: the 1609 shipwreck of the "Sea Venture" led to the settling of Bermuda

Capital

Name: Hamilton
Etymology: named after Henry HAMILTON, who served as governor of Bermuda from 1788 to 1794
Time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Daylight saving time: +1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November
Geographic coordinates: 32 17 N, 64 47 W

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

Citizenship

Citizenship BY birth: no
Citizenship BY descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of the UK
Dual citizenship recognized: yes
Residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years

Constitution

History: several previous (dating to 1684); latest entered into force 8 June 1968 (Bermuda Constitution Order 1968)
Amendment process: proposal procedure - NA; passage by an Order in Council in the UK

Country Name

Former: Somers Islands
Etymology: named after Juan de BERMUDEZ, an early 16th-century Spanish sea captain and the first European explorer of the archipelago
Conventional long form: none
Conventional short form: Bermuda

Independence: none (overseas territory of the UK)
Legal system: English common law
Government type: Overseas Territory of the UK with limited self-government; parliamentary democracy

Judicial Branch

Highest court(s): Court of Appeal (consists of the court president and at least 2 justices); Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice, 4 puisne judges, and 1 associate justice); the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London) is the court of final appeal
Subordinate courts: commercial court (began in 2006); magistrates' courts
Judge selection and term of office: Court of Appeal justice appointed by the governor; justice tenure by individual appointment; Supreme Court judges nominated by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission and appointed by the governor; judge tenure based on terms of appointment

Executive Branch

Cabinet: Cabinet nominated by the premier, approved by the governor
Chief of state: King CHARLES III (since 8 September 2022); represented by Governor Andrew MURDOCH (since 23 January 2025)
Head of government: Premier David BURT (since 19 July 2017)
Election/appointment process: the monarchy is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the governor usually appoints the leader of the majority party or majority coalition as the premier

National holiday: Bermuda Day, 24 May
Dependency status: overseas territory of the UK

National Heritage

Total world heritage sites: 1 (cultural); note - excerpted from the UK entry
Selected world heritage site locales: Historic Town of St. George and Related Fortifications

Political parties: Free Democratic Movement or FDM
One Bermuda Alliance or OBA
Progressive Labor Party or PLP

Legislative Branch

Legislature name: Parliament
Legislative structure: bicameral

National Anthem(s)

Title: "God Save the King"
History: official anthem, as a UK territory
Lyrics/music: unknown

National symbol(s): red lion
National coat of arms: Bermuda's coat of arms was formally granted by Royal Warrant on 4 October 1910 but has been in use since at least 1624; the red lion is a symbol of Great Britain; the Latin motto under the coat of arms, Quo Fata Ferunt, means "Whither the Fates Carry [Us];" the ship is the Sea Venture, an English ship that was wrecked on then-uninhabited Bermuda in 1609
Administrative divisions: 9 parishes and 2 municipalities*; Devonshire, Hamilton, Hamilton*, Paget, Pembroke, Saint George*, Saint George's, Sandys, Smith's, Southampton, Warwick

Legislative Branch Lower Chamber

Chamber name: House of Assembly
Term in office: 5 years
Number of seats: 36 (directly elected)
Electoral system: plurality/majority
Scope of elections: full renewal
Most recent election date: 10/1/2020
Expected date of next election: 2025
Percentage of women in chamber: 20%
Parties elected and seats per party: PLP (30); OBA (6)

Legislative Branch Upper Chamber

Chamber name: Senate
Term in office: 5 years
Number of seats: 11 (appointed)
Most recent election date: 2022
Expected date of next election: 2027
Percentage of women in chamber: 63.6%

Diplomatic representation in the US: none (overseas territory of the UK)

Diplomatic Representation from the US

Fax: (441) 295-1592
Embassy: US Consulate Bermuda, 16 Middle Road, Devonshire, DV 03, Bermuda
Telephone: (441) 295-1342
Mailing address: 5300 Hamilton Place, Washington, DC 20520-5300
Chief of mission: Consul General Antoinette HURTADO (since 27 March 2025)
Consulate(s) general: 16 Middle Road, Devonshire DV O3
Email address and website: HamiltonConsulate@state.gov

https://bm.usconsulate.gov/

International organisations: Caricom (associate), ICC (NGOs), Interpol (subbureau), IOC, ITUC (NGOs), UPU, WCO
International law organization participation: has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt

Economy

Budget

Revenues: $999.2 million (2017 est.)
Expenditures: $1.176 billion (2017 est.)

Exports

Civica canonical (reconciled): $1.136 billion (2021 est.)

Note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Exports 2021: $1.136 billion (2021 est.)
Exports 2022: $1.425 billion (2022 est.)
Exports 2023: $1.599 billion (2023 est.)

Imports

Civica canonical (reconciled): $1.925 billion (2021 est.)

Note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports 2021: $1.925 billion (2021 est.)
Imports 2022: $2.235 billion (2022 est.)
Imports 2023: $2.3 billion (2023 est.)

Industries: international business, tourism, light manufacturing

Remittances

Note: note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Remittances 2021: 22.7% of GDP (2021 est.)
Remittances 2022: 22.3% of GDP (2022 est.)
Remittances 2023: 23.7% of GDP (2023 est.)

Exchange Rates

Currency: Bermudian dollars (BMD) per US dollar -
Exchange rates 2020: 1 (2020 est.)
Exchange rates 2021: 1 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2022: 1 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2023: 1 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2024: 1 (2024 est.)

Economic overview: small, tourism- and construction-based, territorial-island economy; American import and tourist destination; known offshore banking hub; increasing inflation; major re-exportation and re-importation area
Exports partners: Germany 40%, South Africa 38%, Netherlands 15%, USA 2%, Angola 2% (2023)
Imports partners: USA 38%, Cyprus 31%, UK 6%, China 6%, Canada 4% (2023)

Real GDP Per Capita

Civica canonical (reconciled): $105,300 (2024 est.)

Note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP per capita 2022: $98,100 (2022 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2023: $103,100 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2024: $105,300 (2024 est.)

Real GDP Growth Rate

Note: note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
Real GDP growth rate 2022: 6.5% (2022 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2023: 4.9% (2023 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2024: 2.1% (2024 est.)

Agricultural products: bananas, vegetables, citrus, flowers; dairy products, honey
Exports commodities: crude petroleum, ships, aircraft, liquor, railway cargo containers (2023)
Imports commodities: ships, refined petroleum, railway cargo containers, packaged medicine, cars (2023)

Current Account Balance

Note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Current account balance 2021: $962.258 million (2021 est.)
Current account balance 2022: $1.135 billion (2022 est.)
Current account balance 2023: $1.32 billion (2023 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate): $8.98 billion (2024 est.)

GDP Composition, BY End Use

Note: note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
Household consumption: 45.6% (2024 est.)
Government consumption: 11% (2024 est.)
Investment in inventories: 0% (2024 est.)
Investment in fixed capital: 11.3% (2024 est.)
Exports of goods and services: 56.3% (2024 est.)
Imports of goods and services: -24.2% (2024 est.)

Inflation Rate (Consumer Prices)

Civica canonical (reconciled): 2.8% (2022 est.)

Note: note: annual % change based on consumer prices
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020: 0% (2020 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021: 1.4% (2021 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022: 2.8% (2022 est.)

Industrial production growth rate: -3.6% (2023 est.)

Real GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)

Civica canonical (reconciled): $6.808 billion (2024 est.)

Note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022: $6.355 billion (2022 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023: $6.667 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024: $6.808 billion (2024 est.)

GDP Composition, BY Sector of Origin

Note: note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
Industry: 4.6% (2023 est.)
Services: 91.5% (2023 est.)
Agriculture: 0.2% (2023 est.)

Energy

Coal

Imports: 4 metric tons (2023 est.)
Consumption: 4 metric tons (2023 est.)

Petroleum

Refined petroleum consumption: 4,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)

Electricity

Consumption: 590.38 million kWh (2023 est.)
Installed generating capacity: 172,000 kW (2023 est.)
Transmission/distribution losses: 43.172 million kWh (2023 est.)

Electricity Access

Electrification total population: 100% (2022 est.)

Energy Consumption Per Capita

Total energy consumption per capita 2023: 122.737 million Btu/person (2023 est.)

Electricity Generation Sources

Fossil fuels: 99% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Biomass and waste: 1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Communications

Internet Users

Percent of population: 98% (2017 est.)

Broadcast media: 3 TV stations; cable and satellite TV subscription services are available; roughly 13 radio stations operating
Internet country code: .bm

Telephones Fixed Lines

Total subscriptions: 25,000 (2021 est.)
Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 39 (2022 est.)

Telephones Mobile Cellular

Total subscriptions: 68,164 (2022 est.)
Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 97 (2024 est.)

Broadband Fixed Subscriptions

Total: 23,000 (2022 est.)
Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 36 (2022 est.)

Transport

Ports

Large: 0
Small: 2
Medium: 1
Key ports: Freeport, Hamilton, Ireland Island, St. George
Very small: 0
Total ports: 4 (2024)
Size unknown: 1
Ports with oil terminals: 3

Airports: 1 (2025)

Merchant Marine

Total: 122 (2023)
BY type: container ship 15, oil tanker 8, other 99

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix: VP-B

Environment

Climate: subtropical; mild, humid; gales, strong winds common in winter

Land Use

Other: 80% (2023 est.)
Forest: 14.4% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: 5.6% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 5.6% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)
Agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.)

Urbanization

Urban population: 100% of total population (2023)
Rate of urbanization: -0.2% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Waste and Recycling

Municipal solid waste generated annually: 82,000 tons (2024 est.)
Percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 2% (2012 est.)

Environmental issues: air pollution from vehicle emissions; scarce water resources; solid waste disposal; hazardous waste disposal; sewage disposal; overfishing; oil spills

Carbon Dioxide Emissions

Total emissions: 577,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
From coal and metallurgical coke: 9 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
From petroleum and other liquids: 577,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

Military & Security

Military note: defense is the responsibility of the UK; the Royal Bermuda Regiment’s responsibilities include maritime security of Bermuda’s inshore waters, search and rescue, ceremonial duties, humanitarian/disaster assistance, security of key installations, and assisting the Bermuda Police with maintaining public order; it includes explosive ordnance disposal, diver, maritime, security police, and support units (2025)
Military and security forces: Royal Bermuda Regiment; Bermuda Police Service (2025)
Military service age and obligation: men and women who are Commonwealth citizens and 18-45 years of age can volunteer for the Bermuda Regiment; service is for a minimum period of three years and two months from the date of enlistment; after completing their initial service, soldiers in the Regiment can choose to extend their service (2025)
Military equipment inventories and acquisitions: the Regiment is equipped with small arms (2025)
Military and security service personnel strengths: the Royal Bermuda Regiment has about 350 troops (2025)

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Civica. (2026). Civica Atlas — Bermuda — vintage 2026-Q1: Bermuda factbook. Civica Atlas. Retrieved May 7, 2026, from https://civicaatlas.org/factbook/bermuda

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Sources: CIA World Factbook