Fiji

Parliamentary RepublicPop929KGDP (PPP)$13.1BCI54Beta CP−1.6↓Beta

Some figures reconciled across multiple sources via Civica's methodology (v0.2 BETA). Methodology →

Fiji

⌘K

Overview

Background: Austronesians settled Fiji around 1000 B.C., followed by successive waves of Melanesians starting around the first century A.D. Fijians traded with Polynesian groups in Samoa and Tonga, and by about 900, much of Fiji was in the Tu’i Tongan Empire’s sphere of influence. The Tongan influence declined significantly by 1200, while Melanesian seafarers continued to periodically arrive in Fiji, further mixing Melanesian and Polynesian cultural traditions. The first European spotted Fiji in 1643 and by the 1800s, European merchants, missionaries, traders, and whalers frequented the islands. Rival kings and chiefs competed for power, at times aided by Europeans, and in 1865, Seru Epenisa CAKOBAU united many groups into the Confederacy of Independent Kingdoms of Viti. The arrangement proved weak, however, and in 1871 CAKOBAU formed the Kingdom of Fiji in an attempt to centralize power. Fearing a hostile takeover by a foreign power as the kingdom’s economy began to falter, CAKOBAU ceded Fiji to the UK in 1874.

The first British governor set up a plantation-style economy and brought in more than 60,000 Indians as indentured laborers, most of whom chose to stay in Fiji rather than return to India when their contracts expired. In the early 1900s, society was divided along ethnic lines, with iTaukei (indigenous Fijians), Europeans, and Indo-Fijians living in separate areas and maintaining their own languages and traditions. ITaukei fears of an Indo-Fijian takeover of government delayed independence through the 1960s; Fiji achieved independence in 1970 with agreements to allocate parliamentary seats by ethnic groups. After two coups in 1987, a new constitution in 1990 cemented iTaukei control of politics, leading thousands of Indo-Fijians to leave. A reformed constitution in 1997 was more equitable and led to the election of an Indo-Fijian prime minister in 1999, who was ousted in a coup the following year. In 2005, the new prime minister put forward a bill that would grant pardons to the coup perpetrators, leading Josaia Voreqe "Frank" BAINIMARAMA to launch a coup in 2006. BAINIMARAMA appointed himself prime minister in 2007 and retained the position after elections in 2014 and 2018 that international observers deemed credible. BAINIMARAMA's party lost control of the prime minister position after elections in 2022 with former opposition leader Sitiveni Ligamamada RABUKA winning the office by a narrow margin.

Geography

Area

Land: 18,274 sq km
Water: 0 sq km
Total: 18,274 sq km

Climate: tropical marine; only slight seasonal temperature variation
Terrain: mostly mountains of volcanic origin

Land Use

Other: 21.2% (2023 est.)
Forest: 61.7% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: 17.1% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 4.2% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 3.4% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 9.5% (2023 est.)

Location: Oceania, island group in the South Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand
Coastline: 1,129 km

Elevation

Lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
Highest point: Tomanivi 1,324 m

Irrigated land: 40 sq km (2012)
Map references: Oceania

Land Boundaries

Total: 0 km

Maritime Claims

Note: note: measured from claimed archipelagic straight baselines
Contiguous zone: 24 nm
Territorial sea: 12 nm
Continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Natural hazards: cyclonic storms can occur from November to January
Geography note: consists of 332 islands, approximately 110 of which are inhabited, and more than 500 islets
Natural resources: timber, fish, gold, copper, offshore oil potential, hydropower
Area comparative: slightly smaller than New Jersey
Geographic coordinates: 18 00 S, 175 00 E
Population distribution: approximately 70% of the population lives on the island of Viti Levu; roughly half of the population lives in urban areas

People & Society

Literacy

Female: 92.4% (2021 est.)

Languages: English (official), iTaukei (official), Fiji Hindi (official)
Religions: Protestant 45% (Methodist 34.6%, Assembly of God 5.7%, Seventh Day Adventist 3.9%, and Anglican 0.8%), Hindu 27.9%, other Christian 10.4%, Roman Catholic 9.1%, Muslim 6.3%, Sikh 0.3%, other 0.3%, none 0.8% (2007 est.)

Sex Ratio

At birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
0 14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15 64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
Total population: 1.03 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
65 years and over: 0.86 male(s)/female

Birth rate: 15.63 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Death rate: 6.58 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Median Age

Male: 31.4 years
Total: 32 years (2025 est.)
Female: 31.8 years

Population

Male: 482,304
Total: 951,611 (2024 est.)
Female: 469,307

Nationality

Noun: Fijian(s)
Adjective: Fijian

Tobacco Use

Male: 40.8% (2025 est.)
Total: 26.8% (2025 est.)
Female: 12.9% (2025 est.)

Urbanization

Urban population: 58.7% of total population (2023)
Rate of urbanization: 1.37% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Age Structure

0 14 years: 24.7% (male 119,910/female 114,904)
15 64 years: 66.4% (male 323,339/female 308,921)
65 years and over: 8.9% (2024 est.) (male 39,055/female 45,482)

Ethnic groups: iTaukei 56.8% (predominantly Melanesian with a Polynesian admixture), Indo-Fijian 37.5%, Rotuman 1.2%, other 4.5% (European, part European, other Pacific Islanders, Chinese) (2007 est.)

Child Marriage

Men married BY age 18: 1.7% (2021)
Women married BY age 15: 0.2% (2021)
Women married BY age 18: 4% (2021)

Dependency Ratios

Total dependency ratio: 50.5 (2024 est.)
Youth dependency ratio: 37.1 (2024 est.)
Potential support ratio: 7.5 (2024 est.)
Elderly dependency ratio: 13.4 (2024 est.)

Physician density: 0.81 physicians/1,000 population (2015)

Health Expenditure

Health expenditure (as % of GDP): 5.4% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 10.3% of national budget (2022 est.)

Net migration rate: -5.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Hospital bed density: 1.9 beds/1,000 population (2017 est.)
Total fertility rate: 2.18 children born/woman (2025 est.)

Drinking Water Source

Improved: rural: rural: 91.1% of population (2022 est.)
Improved: total: total: 95.5% of population (2022 est.)
Improved: urban: urban: 98.7% of population (2022 est.)
Unimproved: rural: rural: 8.9% of population (2022 est.)
Unimproved: total: total: 4.5% of population (2022 est.)
Unimproved: urban: urban: 1.3% of population (2022 est.)

Education Expenditure

Education expenditure (% GDP): 4.2% of GDP (2023 est.)
Education expenditure (% national budget): 13.8% national budget (2025 est.)

Infant Mortality Rate

Male: 11.1 deaths/1,000 live births
Total: 9.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)
Female: 8.1 deaths/1,000 live births

Population growth rate: 0.38% (2025 est.)
Gross reproduction rate: 1.06 (2025 est.)
Population distribution: approximately 70% of the population lives on the island of Viti Levu; roughly half of the population lives in urban areas

Life Expectancy at Birth

Male: 72.2 years
Female: 77.6 years
Total population: 74.8 years (2024 est.)

Maternal mortality ratio: 30 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

Sanitation Facility Access

Improved: rural: rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)
Improved: total: total: 100% of population (2022 est.)
Improved: urban: urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)
Unimproved: rural: rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Unimproved: total: total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Unimproved: urban: urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)

Alcohol Consumption Per Capita

Beer: 1.64 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Wine: 0.29 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Total: 2.71 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Spirits: 0.79 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Major urban areas population: 178,000 SUVA (capital) (2018)
Obesity adult prevalence rate: 30.2% (2016)
Currently married women (ages 15 49): 59.2% (2021 est.)
Children under the age of 5 years underweight: 4.6% (2021 est.)

Government

Civica · structure

How power is organised

ExecutiveLegislative

Flag: description: light blue with the UK flag in the upper-left quadrant and the Fijian shield centered on the right half of the flag; the shield shows a yellow lion holding a coconut above a white field quartered by the cross of Saint George; the four quarters depict sugarcane, a palm tree, a banana bunch, and a white dove

meaning: blue symbolizes the Pacific Ocean

Capital

Name: Suva (on Viti Levu)
Etymology: the name means "little hill" in the native Fijian language and may refer to a mound where a temple once stood
Time difference: UTC+12 (17 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Geographic coordinates: 18 08 S, 178 25 E

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

Citizenship

Citizenship BY birth: no
Citizenship BY descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Fiji
Dual citizenship recognized: yes
Residency requirement for naturalization: at least 5 years residency out of the 10 years preceding application

Constitution

History: several previous; latest signed into law 6 September 2013
Amendment process: proposed as a bill by Parliament and supported by at least three quarters of its members, followed by referral to the president and then to the Electoral Commission, which conducts a referendum; passage requires approval by at least three-quarters of registered voters and assent by the president

Country Name

Etymology: the Fijians called their home Viti, but the neighboring Tongans called it Fisi; in the Anglicized spelling of the Tongan pronunciation -- promulgated by explorer Captain James COOK -- the designation became Fiji
Local long form: Republic of Fiji (English)/ Matanitu ko Viti (Fijian)
Local short form: Fiji (English)/ Viti (Fijian)
Conventional long form: Republic of Fiji
Conventional short form: Fiji

Independence: 10 October 1970 (from the UK)
Legal system: common law system based on the English model
Government type: parliamentary republic

Judicial Branch

Highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice, all justices of the Court of Appeal, and judges appointed specifically as Supreme Court judges); Court of Appeal (consists of the court president, all puisne judges of the High Court, and judges specifically appointed to the Court of Appeal); High Court (chaired by the chief justice and includes a minimum of 10 puisne judges; High Court organized into civil, criminal, family, employment, and tax divisions)
Subordinate courts: Magistrates' Court (organized into civil, criminal, juvenile, and small claims divisions)
Judge selection and term of office: chief justice appointed by the president of Fiji on the advice of the prime minister following consultation with the parliamentary leader of the opposition; judges of the Supreme Court, the president of the Court of Appeal, the justices of the Court of Appeal, and puisne judges of the High Court appointed by the president of Fiji on the nomination of the Judicial Service Commission after consulting with the cabinet minister and the House of Representatives committee responsible for the administration of justice; the chief justice, Supreme Court judges, and justices of Appeal generally required to retire at age 70, but this requirement may be waived for one or more sessions of the court; puisne judges appointed for not less than 4 years or more than 7 years, with mandatory retirement at age 65

Executive Branch

Cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the prime minister from among members of Parliament and is responsible to Parliament
Chief of state: President Ratu Naiqama LALABALAVU (since 12 November 2024)
Election results: 2024: Ratu Naiqama LALABALAVU elected president (People's Alliance) 35 votes, Meli Tora TAVAIQIA (Fiji First) 14 votes

2021: Ratu Wiliame KATONIVERE elected president; Wiliame KATONIVERE (People's Alliance) 28 votes, Teimumu KEPA (SODELPA) 23 votes
Head of government: Prime Minister Sitiveni Ligamamada RABUKA (since 24 December 2022)
Most recent election date: 31 October 2024
Election/appointment process: president elected by Parliament for a 3-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister endorsed by the president
Expected date of next election: 2027

National holiday: Fiji (Independence) Day, 10 October (1970)
National color(s): light blue

National Heritage

Total world heritage sites: 1 (cultural)
Selected world heritage site locales: Levuka Historical Port Town

Political parties: Fiji First
Fiji Labor Party or FLP
Freedom Alliance (formerly Fiji United Freedom Party or FUFP)
National Federation Party or NFP
People's Alliance
Peoples Democratic Party or PDP
Social Democratic Liberal Party or SODELPA
Unity Fiji

Legislative Branch

Term in office: 4 years
Number of seats: 55 (all directly elected)
Electoral system: proportional representation
Legislature name: Parliament
Scope of elections: full renewal
Legislative structure: unicameral
Most recent election date: 12/14/2022
Expected date of next election: December 2026
Percentage of women in chamber: 9.1%
Parties elected and seats per party: FijiFirst (26); People's Alliance (21); National Federation Party (NFP) (5); Social Democratic Liberal Party (Soldelpa) (3)

National Anthem(s)

Title: "God Bless Fiji" (Let Us Show Pride)
History: adopted 1970; known in Fijian as "Meda Dau Doka" (Let Us Show Pride); adapted from the hymn, "Dwelling in Beulah Land," the anthem's English lyrics are usually used, although they differ in meaning from the official Fijian lyrics
Lyrics/music: Michael Francis Alexander PRESCOTT/C. Austin MILES (adapted by Michael Francis Alexander PRESCOTT)

National symbol(s): Fijian canoe
Administrative divisions: 14 provinces and 1 dependency*; Ba, Bua, Cakaudrove, Kadavu, Lau, Lomaiviti, Macuata, Nadroga and Navosa, Naitasiri, Namosi, Ra, Rewa, Rotuma*, Serua, Tailevu

Diplomatic Representation in the US

Fax: [1] (202) 466-8325
Chancery: 1707 L Street NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC 20036
Telephone: [1] (917) 208-4560
Chief of mission: Ambassador Ilisoni VUIDREKETI (since 17 June 2024)
Email address and website: info@FijiEmbassyDC.com

https://www.fijiembassydc.com/

Diplomatic Representation from the US

Fax: [679] 330-2267
Embassy: 158 Princes Road, Tamavua, Suva
Telephone: [679] 331-4466
Mailing address: 4290 Suva Place, Washington DC  20521-4290
Chief of mission: Ambassador Marie DAMOUR (since 24 November 2022); note - also accredited to Kiribati, Nauru, Tonga, and Tuvalu
Email address and website: SuvaACS@state.gov

https://fj.usembassy.gov/

International organisations: ACP, ADB, AOSIS, C, CP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, OPCW, PCA, PIF, Sparteca (suspended), SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMISS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
International law organization participation: has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

Legislature

FIJI · LEGISLATURE

Parliament

55 seats · hover a seat for the party

Total seats

Majority line

Largest party

Fiji Labour Party

Parties

All political parties10 parties · 55 seats · click to dim in hemicycle

Leaders

Current

WK
Wiliame Katonivere
- Head of StateSince 2021
SR
Sitiveni Rabuka
- Head of GovernmentSince 2022

Economy

Budget

Note: note: central government revenues and expenses (excluding grants/extrabudgetary units/social security funds) converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Revenues: $1.345 billion (2023 est.)
Expenditures: $1.562 billion (2023 est.)

Exports

Civica canonical (reconciled): $1.23 billion (2020 est.)

Note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Exports 2020: $1.23 billion (2020 est.)
Exports 2021: $1.171 billion (2021 est.)
Exports 2022: $2.376 billion (2022 est.)

Imports

Civica canonical (reconciled): $1.977 billion (2020 est.)

Note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports 2020: $1.977 billion (2020 est.)
Imports 2021: $2.344 billion (2021 est.)
Imports 2022: $3.434 billion (2022 est.)

Industries: tourism, sugar processing, clothing, copra, gold, silver, lumber
Labor force: 387,800 (2024 est.)

Public Debt

Civica canonical (reconciled): 47.5% of GDP (2016 est.)

Public debt 2016: 47.5% of GDP (2016 est.)

Remittances

Note: note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Remittances 2021: 9.1% of GDP (2021 est.)
Remittances 2022: 9.2% of GDP (2022 est.)
Remittances 2023: 9.2% of GDP (2023 est.)

Exchange Rates

Currency: Fijian dollars (FJD) per US dollar -
Exchange rates 2020: 2.169 (2020 est.)
Exchange rates 2021: 2.071 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2022: 2.201 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2023: 2.25 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2024: 2.268 (2024 est.)

Debt External

Note: note: present value of external debt in current US dollars
Debt external 2023: $1.397 billion (2023 est.)

Economic overview: upper-middle income, tourism-based Pacific island economy; susceptible to ocean rises; key energy and infrastructure investments; post-pandemic tourism resurgence; improved debt standing; limited workforce

Unemployment Rate

Civica canonical (reconciled): 5.3%

Note: note: % of labor force seeking employment
Unemployment rate 2022: 4.5% (2022 est.)
Unemployment rate 2023: 4.4% (2023 est.)
Unemployment rate 2024: 4.4% (2024 est.)

Exports partners: USA 32%, Australia 12%, Tonga 6%, NZ 6%, Samoa 4% (2023)
Imports partners: Singapore 25%, China 16%, Australia 15%, NZ 14%, USA 5% (2023)

Real GDP Per Capita

Civica canonical (reconciled): $15,450

Note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP per capita 2022: $12,800 (2022 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2023: $13,700 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2024: $14,100 (2024 est.)

Real GDP Growth Rate

Civica canonical (reconciled): 3.5%

Note: note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
Real GDP growth rate 2022: 19.8% (2022 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2023: 7.5% (2023 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2024: 3.8% (2024 est.)

Agricultural products: sugarcane, cassava, taro, vegetables, chicken, coconuts, eggs, ginger, milk, sweet potatoes (2023)
Exports commodities: water, fish, raw sugar, refined petroleum, garments (2023)
Imports commodities: refined petroleum, medical instruments, cars, broadcasting equipment, plastics (2023)

Current Account Balance

Civica canonical (reconciled): -$464.4M

Note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Current account balance 2020: -$614.13 million (2020 est.)
Current account balance 2021: -$686.577 million (2021 est.)
Current account balance 2022: -$865.665 million (2022 est.)

Taxes and other revenues: 20.7% (of GDP) (2023 est.)
GDP (official exchange rate): $5.841 billion (2024 est.)

GDP Composition, BY End Use

Note: note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
Household consumption: 71.7% (2023 est.)
Government consumption: 20.8% (2023 est.)
Investment in inventories: 1.2% (2023 est.)
Investment in fixed capital: 18.6% (2023 est.)
Exports of goods and services: 57% (2023 est.)
Imports of goods and services: -69.2% (2023 est.)

Population below poverty line: 24.1% (2019 est.)

Inflation Rate (Consumer Prices)

Civica canonical (reconciled): 3.9%

Note: note: annual % change based on consumer prices
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022: 4.3% (2022 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023: 2.3% (2023 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024: 4.5% (2024 est.)

Industrial production growth rate: 7.3% (2024 est.)

Real GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)

Civica canonical (reconciled): $13.1 billion (2024 est.)

Note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022: $11.734 billion (2022 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023: $12.617 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024: $13.1 billion (2024 est.)

Youth Unemployment Rate (Ages 15 24)

Male: 11.8% (2024 est.)
Note: note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
Total: 15.5% (2024 est.)
Female: 22.5% (2024 est.)

Reserves of Foreign Exchange and Gold

Note: note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022: $1.557 billion (2022 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023: $1.548 billion (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024: $1.6 billion (2024 est.)

GDP Composition, BY Sector of Origin

Note: note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
Industry: 14.1% (2024 est.)
Services: 56.2% (2024 est.)
Agriculture: 8.4% (2024 est.)

Note: note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population
Lowest 10%: 3.5% (2019 est.)
Highest 10%: 24.2% (2019 est.)

Gini Index Coefficient Distribution of Family Income

Note: note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality
Gini index coefficient distribution of family income 2019: 30.7 (2019 est.)

Energy

Coal

Imports: 2 metric tons (2022 est.)
Consumption: 6 metric tons (2023 est.)

Petroleum

Refined petroleum consumption: 10,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)

Electricity

Consumption: 1.048 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Installed generating capacity: 427,000 kW (2023 est.)
Transmission/distribution losses: 102.047 million kWh (2023 est.)

Electricity Access

Electrification rural areas: 86.8%
Electrification urban areas: 97.6%
Electrification total population: 92% (2022 est.)

Energy Consumption Per Capita

Total energy consumption per capita 2023: 25.375 million Btu/person (2023 est.)

Electricity Generation Sources

Wind: 0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Solar: 1.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Fossil fuels: 36.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Hydroelectricity: 52.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Biomass and waste: 10% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Communications

Internet Users

Percent of population: 79% (2023 est.)

Broadcast media: Fiji TV, a publicly traded company, operates a free-to-air channel; Digicel Fiji operates the Sky Fiji and Sky Pacific multi-channel pay-TV services; state-owned commercial company, Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Ltd, operates 6 radio stations, including 2 public broadcasters and 4 commercial broadcasters with multiple repeaters; 5 radio stations with repeaters operated by Communications Fiji, Ltd; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available
Internet country code: .fj

Telephones Fixed Lines

Total subscriptions: 49,000 (2021 est.)
Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 4 (2022 est.)

Telephones Mobile Cellular

Total subscriptions: 5.33 million (2024 est.)
Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 574 (2024 est.)

Broadband Fixed Subscriptions

Total: 23,000 (2022 est.)
Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 3 (2022 est.)

Transport

Ports

Large: 0
Small: 2
Medium: 0
Key ports: Lautoka Harbor, Levuka, Malai, Savusavu Bay, Suva Harbor
Very small: 3
Total ports: 5 (2024)
Ports with oil terminals: 4

Airports: 26 (2025)

Railways

Note: note: belongs to the government-owned Fiji Sugar Corporation; used to haul sugarcane during the harvest season, which runs from May to December
Total: 597 km (2008)
Narrow gauge: 597 km (2008) 0.600-m gauge

Heliports: 2 (2025)

Merchant Marine

Total: 74 (2023)
BY type: general cargo 21, oil tanker 4, other 49

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix: DQ

Environment

Climate: tropical marine; only slight seasonal temperature variation

Land Use

Other: 21.2% (2023 est.)
Forest: 61.7% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: 17.1% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 4.2% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 3.4% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 9.5% (2023 est.)

Urbanization

Urban population: 58.7% of total population (2023)
Rate of urbanization: 1.37% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Waste and Recycling

Municipal solid waste generated annually: 189,400 tons (2024 est.)
Percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 16.1% (2022 est.)

Environmental issues: air pollution from waste incineration and vehicle emissions; deforestation and soil erosion; soil erosion from clearing land by bush burning

Total Water Withdrawal

Municipal: 25.3 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Industrial: 9.6 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Agricultural: 50 million cubic meters (2022 est.)

Carbon Dioxide Emissions

Total emissions: 1.432 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
From coal and metallurgical coke: 12 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
From petroleum and other liquids: 1.432 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

Particulate matter emissions: 8.1 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Total renewable water resources: 28.55 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)

International Environmental Agreements

Party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands
Signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Military & Security

Military note: the Fiji Military Forces (RFMF) are responsible for external security but can be assigned some domestic security responsibilities in specific circumstances; the RFMF has a history of intervening in the country’s politics, and it continues to have significant political power; it also has a tradition of participating in UN peacekeeping operations, which have offered experience and a source of financial support; Fiji has sent troops on nearly 20 such missions since first deploying personnel to South Lebanon in 1978

Fiji has a "shiprider" agreement with the US, which allows local maritime law enforcement officers to embark on US Coast Guard (USCG) and US Navy (USN) vessels, including to board and search vessels suspected of violating laws or regulations within Fiji's designated exclusive economic zone (EEZ) or on the high seas; "shiprider" agreements also enable USCG personnel and USN vessels with embarked USCG law enforcement personnel to work with host nations to protect critical regional resources (2025)
Military deployments: 170 Egypt (MFO); 160 Iraq (UNAMI); 150 Golan Heights (UNDOF) (2025)

Military Expenditures

Civica canonical (reconciled): 1.3%

Military expenditures 2020: 1.4% of GDP (2020 est.)
Military expenditures 2021: 1.5% of GDP (2021 est.)
Military expenditures 2022: 1.2% of GDP (2022 est.)
Military expenditures 2023: 1.1% of GDP (2023 est.)
Military expenditures 2024: 1.4% of GDP (2024 est.)

Military and security forces: Republic of Fiji Military Forces (RFMF): Land Force, Republic of Fiji Navy (2025)
Military service age and obligation: 18-25 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women (2026)
Military equipment inventories and acquisitions: the RFMF is lightly armed and equipped; Australia has provided patrol boats and a few armored personnel carriers; it also provides logistical support for RFMF regional or UN operations; in recent years, China and the US have provided small amounts of equipment (2025)
Military and security service personnel strengths: approximately 4,000 active Republic of Fiji Military Forces (2025)

Transnational Issues

Trafficking in Persons

Tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List — the government did not demonstrate overall increasing efforts to eliminate trafficking compared with the previous reporting period, therefore Fiji remained on Tier 2 Watch List for the second consecutive year; for more details, go to: https://www.state.gov/reports/2025-trafficking-in-persons-report/fiji/

Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons

Idps: 259 (2024 est.)
Refugees: 25 (2024 est.)

Scores & Rankings

ScoreValueGlobal rankTrendAs of

Civica Index54.0 / 100as of 2024-Q478 / 1902024-Q4

Civica Pulse−1.6as of 2026-05-06—2026-05-06

V-Dem Liberal Democracy0.41as of 2024-Q474 / 1702024-Q4

Freedom House StatusNot Free (67/100)as of 2024-Q4—2024-Q4

Press Freedom (RSF)Partly free (50/100)as of 2024—2024

Cite this page

Cite this pageAPA · BibTeX · Chicago · JSON

Civica. (2026). Civica Atlas — Fiji — vintage 2026-Q1: Fiji factbook. Civica Atlas. Retrieved May 7, 2026, from https://civicaatlas.org/factbook/fiji

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Sources: FAO FAOSTAT, ILO ILOSTAT, IMF (WEO), UN Statistics Division, UNDP HDR, UNESCO Institute for Statistics, V-Dem, WHO Global Health Observatory, World Bank, WTO Stats, CIA World Factbook, Wikidata

Fiji

Area

Land Use

Elevation

Land Boundaries

Maritime Claims

Literacy

Sex Ratio

Median Age

Population

Nationality

Tobacco Use

Urbanization

Age Structure

Child Marriage

Dependency Ratios

Health Expenditure

Drinking Water Source

Education Expenditure

Infant Mortality Rate

Life Expectancy at Birth

Sanitation Facility Access

Alcohol Consumption Per Capita

How power is organised

Capital

Citizenship

Constitution

Country Name

Judicial Branch

Executive Branch

National Heritage

Legislative Branch

National Anthem(s)

Diplomatic Representation in the US

Diplomatic Representation from the US

Parliament

Current

Wiliame Katonivere

Sitiveni Rabuka

Budget

Exports

Imports

Public Debt

Remittances

Exchange Rates

Debt External

Unemployment Rate

Real GDP Per Capita

Real GDP Growth Rate

Current Account Balance

GDP Composition, BY End Use

Inflation Rate (Consumer Prices)

Real GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)

Youth Unemployment Rate (Ages 15 24)

Reserves of Foreign Exchange and Gold

GDP Composition, BY Sector of Origin

Household Income or Consumption BY Percentage Share

Gini Index Coefficient Distribution of Family Income

Coal

Petroleum

Electricity

Electricity Access

Energy Consumption Per Capita

Electricity Generation Sources

Internet Users

Telephones Fixed Lines

Telephones Mobile Cellular

Broadband Fixed Subscriptions

Ports

Railways

Merchant Marine

Land Use

Urbanization

Waste and Recycling

Total Water Withdrawal

Carbon Dioxide Emissions

International Environmental Agreements

Military Expenditures

Trafficking in Persons

Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons