Georgia
Some figures reconciled across multiple sources via Civica's methodology (v0.2 BETA). Methodology →
Georgia⌘K
Overview
- Background
- The region of present-day Georgia once contained the ancient kingdoms of Colchis (known as Egrisi locally) and Kartli-Iberia. The area came under Roman influence in the first centuries A.D., and Christianity became the state religion in the 330s. Persian, Arab, and Turk domination was followed by a Georgian golden age (11th-13th centuries) that was cut short when the Mongols invaded in 1236. Subsequently, the Ottoman and Persian empires competed for influence in the region. Georgia was absorbed into the Russian Empire in the 19th century. Independent for three years (1918-1921) following the Russian revolution, it was forcibly incorporated into the USSR in 1921 and regained its independence when the Soviet Union dissolved in 1991.
In 2003, mounting public discontent over rampant corruption, ineffective government services, and a government attempt to manipulate parliamentary elections touched off widespread protests that led to the resignation of Eduard SHEVARDNADZE, who had been president since 1995. In the aftermath of this "Rose Revolution," new elections in 2004 swept Mikheil SAAKASHVILI and his United National Movement (UNM) party into power. SAAKASHVILI made progress on market reforms and governance, but he faced accusations of abuse of office. Progress was further complicated when Russian support for the separatist regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia led to a five-day conflict between Russia and Georgia in August 2008, which included Russia invading large portions of Georgian territory. Russia initially pledged to pull back from most Georgian territory but then unilaterally recognized the independence of Abkhazia and South Ossetia, and Russian military forces have remained in those regions.
Billionaire Bidzina IVANISHVILI's unexpected entry into politics in 2011 brought the divided opposition together under his Georgian Dream coalition, which won a majority of seats in the 2012 parliamentary elections and removed UNM from power. Conceding defeat, SAAKASHVILI named IVANISHVILI as prime minister and left the country after his presidential term ended in 2013. IVANISHVILI voluntarily resigned from office after the presidential succession, and in the years since, the prime minister position has seen frequent turnover. In 2021, SAAKASHVILI returned to Georgia, where he was immediately arrested to serve six years in prison on outstanding abuse-of-office convictions.
Popular support for integration with the West is high in Georgia. Joining the EU and NATO are among the country's top foreign policy goals, and Georgia applied for EU membership in 2022, becoming a candidate country in December 2023. Georgia and the EU have a Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement, and since 2017, Georgian citizens have been able to travel to the Schengen area without a visa.
Geography
Area
- Land
- 69,700 sq km
- Note
- note: approximately 12,560 sq km, or about 18% of Georgia's area, is Russian-occupied; the seized area includes all of Abkhazia and the breakaway region of South Ossetia, which consists of the northern part of Shida Kartli, eastern slivers of the Imereti region, Racha-Lechkhumi, Kvemo Svaneti, and part of western Mtskheta-Mtianeti
- Water
- 0 sq km
- Total
- 69,700 sq km
- Climate
- warm and pleasant; Mediterranean-like on Black Sea coast
- Terrain
- largely mountainous with Great Caucasus Mountains in the north and Lesser Caucasus Mountains in the south; Kolkhet'is Dablobi (Kolkhida Lowland) opens to the Black Sea in the west; Mtkvari River Basin in the east; fertile soils in river valley flood plains and foothills of Kolkhida Lowland
Land Use
- Other
- 21.2% (2023 est.)
- Forest
- 44.6% (2023 est.)
- Agricultural land
- 34.1% (2023 est.)
- Agricultural land: arable land
- arable land: 4.4% (2023 est.)
- Agricultural land: permanent crops
- permanent crops: 1.8% (2023 est.)
- Agricultural land: permanent pasture
- permanent pasture: 27.9% (2023 est.)
- Location
- Southwestern Asia, bordering the Black Sea, between Turkey and Russia, with a sliver of land north of the Caucasus extending into Europe; note - Georgia views itself as part of Europe; geopolitically, it can be classified as falling within Europe, the Middle East, or both
- Coastline
- 310 km
Elevation
- Lowest point
- Black Sea 0 m
- Highest point
- Mt'a Shkhara 5,193 m
- Mean elevation
- 1,432 m
- Irrigated land
- 4,330 sq km (2012)
- Map references
- Asia
Land Boundaries
- Total
- 1,814 km
- Border countries
- Armenia 219 km; Azerbaijan 428 km; Russia 894 km; Turkey 273 km
Maritime Claims
- Territorial sea
- 12 nm
- Exclusive economic zone
- 200 nm
- Natural hazards
- earthquakes
- Geography note
- note 1: strategically located east of the Black Sea, Georgia controls much of the Caucasus Mountains and the routes through them
note 2: the world's four deepest caves are all in Georgia, including two that are the only known caves on earth deeper than 2,000 m: Krubera Cave at -2,197 m (-7,208 ft; reached in 2012) and Veryovkina Cave at -2,212 (-7,257 ft; reached in 2018) - Natural resources
- timber, hydropower, manganese deposits, iron ore, copper, minor coal and oil deposits; coastal climate and soils allow for important tea and citrus growth
- Area comparative
- slightly smaller than South Carolina; slightly larger than West Virginia
- Geographic coordinates
- 42 00 N, 43 30 E
- Population distribution
- settlement concentrated in the central valley, particularly in the capital city of Tbilisi in the east; smaller urban agglomerations dot the Black Sea coast, with Bat'umi being the largest
People & Society
Literacy
- Male
- 99.8% (2024 est.)
- Female
- 99.6% (2024 est.)
- Total population
- 99.7% (2024 est.)
Languages
- Languages
- Georgian (official) 87.6%, Azeri 6.2%, Armenian 3.9%, Russian 1.2%, other 1% (including Abkhaz, the official language in Abkhazia) (2014 est.)
- Major language sample(s)
მსოფლიო ფაქტების წიგნი, ძირითადი ინფორმაციის აუცილებელი წყარო. (Georgian)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
- Religions
- Eastern Orthodox Christian (official) 83.4%, Muslim 10.7%, Armenian Apostolic Christian 2.9%, other 1.2% (includes Roman Catholic Christian, Jehovah's Witness, Yazidi, Protestant Christian, Jewish), none 0.5%, unspecified/no answer 1.2% (2014 est.)
Sex Ratio
- At birth
- 1.07 male(s)/female
- 0 14 years
- 1.06 male(s)/female
- 15 64 years
- 0.95 male(s)/female
- Total population
- 0.92 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
- 65 years and over
- 0.65 male(s)/female
- Birth rate
- 11.74 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
- Death rate
- 12.89 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Median Age
- Male
- 35.9 years
- Total
- 38.6 years (2025 est.)
- Female
- 40.6 years
Population
- Male
- 2,343,068
- Total
- 4,900,961 (2024 est.)
- Female
- 2,557,893
Nationality
- Noun
- Georgian(s)
- Adjective
- Georgian
Tobacco Use
- Male
- 53.9% (2025 est.)
- Total
- 28.7% (2025 est.)
- Female
- 7.5% (2025 est.)
Urbanization
- Note
- note: data include Abkhazia and South Ossetia
- Urban population
- 60.7% of total population (2023)
- Rate of urbanization
- 0.35% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Age Structure
- 0 14 years
- 20.6% (male 520,091/female 489,882)
- 15 64 years
- 62.7% (male 1,500,036/female 1,572,637)
- 65 years and over
- 16.7% (2024 est.) (male 322,941/female 495,374)
- Ethnic groups
- Georgian 86.8%, Azeri 6.3%, Armenian 4.5%, other 2.3% (includes Russian, Ossetian, Yazidi, Ukrainian, Kist, Greek) (2014 est.)
Child Marriage
- Men married BY age 18
- 0.5% (2018)
- Women married BY age 15
- 0.3% (2018)
- Women married BY age 18
- 13.9% (2018)
Dependency Ratios
- Total dependency ratio
- 59.5 (2024 est.)
- Youth dependency ratio
- 32.9 (2024 est.)
- Potential support ratio
- 3.8 (2024 est.)
- Elderly dependency ratio
- 26.6 (2024 est.)
- Physician density
- 5.64 physicians/1,000 population (2023)
Health Expenditure
- Health expenditure (as % of GDP)
- 7.4% of GDP (2022)
- Health expenditure (as % of national budget)
- 10.5% of national budget (2022 est.)
- Net migration rate
- -3.33 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
- Hospital bed density
- 4.9 beds/1,000 population (2020 est.)
- Total fertility rate
- 1.94 children born/woman (2025 est.)
Drinking Water Source
- Improved: rural
- rural: 88.5% of population (2022 est.)
- Improved: total
- total: 95% of population (2022 est.)
- Improved: urban
- urban: 99.2% of population (2022 est.)
- Unimproved: rural
- rural: 11.5% of population (2022 est.)
- Unimproved: total
- total: 5% of population (2022 est.)
- Unimproved: urban
- urban: 0.8% of population (2022 est.)
Education Expenditure
- Education expenditure (% GDP)
- 4% of GDP (2024 est.)
- Education expenditure (% national budget)
- 12.2% national budget (2024 est.)
Infant Mortality Rate
- Male
- 23.6 deaths/1,000 live births
- Total
- 20.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)
- Female
- 19.7 deaths/1,000 live births
- Population growth rate
- -0.45% (2025 est.)
- Gross reproduction rate
- 0.94 (2025 est.)
- Population distribution
- settlement concentrated in the central valley, particularly in the capital city of Tbilisi in the east; smaller urban agglomerations dot the Black Sea coast, with Bat'umi being the largest
Life Expectancy at Birth
- Male
- 68.7 years
- Female
- 77.2 years
- Total population
- 72.8 years (2024 est.)
- Maternal mortality ratio
- 20 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Sanitation Facility Access
- Improved: rural
- rural: 72.5% of population (2022 est.)
- Improved: total
- total: 87.1% of population (2022 est.)
- Improved: urban
- urban: 96.6% of population (2022 est.)
- Unimproved: rural
- rural: 27.5% of population (2022 est.)
- Unimproved: total
- total: 12.9% of population (2022 est.)
- Unimproved: urban
- urban: 3.4% of population (2022 est.)
Alcohol Consumption Per Capita
- Beer
- 1.71 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
- Wine
- 3.19 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
- Total
- 7.45 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
- Spirits
- 2.52 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
- Other alcohols
- 0.02 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
- Major urban areas population
- 1.082 million TBILISI (capital) (2023)
- Obesity adult prevalence rate
- 21.7% (2016)
- Mother's mean age at first birth
- 25.9 years (2019 est.)
- Currently married women (ages 15 49)
- 65.3% (2018 est.)
- Children under the age of 5 years underweight
- 2.1% (2018 est.)
School Life Expectancy (Primary to Tertiary Education)
- Male
- 16 years (2023 est.)
- Total
- 16 years (2023 est.)
- Female
- 17 years (2023 est.)
Government
Civica · structure
How power is organised
ExecutiveLegislative
- Flag
- description: white rectangle with a central red cross extending to all four sides of the flag; each of the four quadrants displays a small red bolnur-katskhuri cross (also known as Bolnisi cross), which has equal-length arms that are slightly wider at the end than in the center
history: sometimes referred to as the Five-Cross Flag, the design is based on a 14th-century banner of the Kingdom of Georgia
Capital
- Name
- Tbilisi
- Etymology
- the name comes from the Georgian word tbili, meaning "warm" and referring to the hot sulfur springs in the area
- Time difference
- UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
- Geographic coordinates
- 41 41 N, 44 50 E
- Suffrage
- 18 years of age; universal
Citizenship
- Citizenship BY birth
- no
- Citizenship BY descent only
- at least one parent must be a citizen of Georgia
- Dual citizenship recognized
- no
- Residency requirement for naturalization
- 10 years
Constitution
- History
- previous 1921, 1978 (based on 1977 Soviet Union constitution); latest approved 24 August 1995, effective 17 October 1995
- Amendment process
- proposed as a draft law supported by more than one half of the Parliament membership or by petition of at least 200,000 voters; passage requires support by at least three fourths of the Parliament membership in two successive sessions three months apart and the signature and promulgation by the president of Georgia
Country Name
- Former
- Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic
- Etymology
- the Western name probably derives from the name of the local people, the Gurz, whose name origin is uncertain; the native name "Sak'art'velo" means "Land of the Kartvelians" and refers to the core central Georgian region of Kartli
- Local long form
- Republic of Georgia
- Local short form
- Sak'art'velo
- Conventional long form
- none
- Conventional short form
- Georgia
- Independence
- 9 April 1991 (from the Soviet Union); notable earlier date: A.D. 1008 (Georgia unified under King BAGRAT III)
- Legal system
- civil law system
- Government type
- semi-presidential republic
Judicial Branch
- Note
- note: the Abkhazian and Ajarian Autonomous republics each have a supreme court and a hierarchy of lower courts
- Highest court(s)
- Supreme Court (consists of 28 judges organized into several specialized judicial chambers; number of judges determined by the president of Georgia); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges)
- Subordinate courts
- Courts of Appeal; regional (town) and district courts
- Judge selection and term of office
- Supreme Court judges nominated by the High Council of Justice (a 14-member body consisting of the Supreme Court chairperson, common court judges, and appointees of the president of Georgia) and appointed by Parliament; judges appointed for life; Constitutional Court judges appointed 3 each by the president, by Parliament, and by the Supreme Court judges; judges appointed for 10-year terms
Executive Branch
- Cabinet
- Cabinet of Ministers
- Chief of state
- President Mikheil KAVELASHVILI (since 29 December 2024)
- Election results
2024: Mikheil KAVELASHVILI (Georgian Dream Party) was formally inaugurated on 29 December 2024
2024: Irakli KOBAKHIDZE approved as prime minister by Parliamentary vote 84-10
2018: Salome ZOURABICHVILI elected president in second round; percent of vote in second round - Salome ZOURABICHVILI (independent, backed by Georgian Dream) 59.5%, Grigol VASHADZE (UNM) 40.5%; Irakli GARIBASHVILI approved as prime minister by Parliamentary vote 89-2- Head of government
- Prime Minister Irakli KOBAKHIDZE (since 8 February 2024)
- Most recent election date
- 14 December 2024
- Election/appointment process
- president elected by a 300-member College of Electors; prime minister nominated by Parliament, appointed by the president
- Expected date of next election
- 2029
- National holiday
- Independence Day, 26 May (1918)
- National color(s)
- red, white
National Heritage
- Total world heritage sites
- 4 (3 cultural, 1 natural)
- Selected world heritage site locales
- Gelati Monastery (c); Historical Monuments of Mtskheta (c); Upper Svaneti (c); Colchic Rainforests and Wetlands (n)
- Political parties
- Ahali
Citizens
Conservative Party
Droa
European Georgia - Movement for Liberty
For Georgia
For the People
Freedom Square
Georgian Dream
Girchi - More Freedom
Law and Justice
Lelo for Georgia
National Democratic Party
People's Power
Progress and Freedom
Republican Party
State for the People
Strategy Aghmashenebeli
United National Movement or UNM
Legislative Branch
- Term in office
- 4 years
- Number of seats
- 150 (all directly elected)
- Electoral system
- proportional representation
- Legislature name
- Parliament (Sakartvelos Parlamenti)
- Scope of elections
- full renewal
- Legislative structure
- unicameral
- Most recent election date
- 10/26/2024
- Expected date of next election
- October 2028
- Percentage of women in chamber
- 16.8%
- Parties elected and seats per party
- Georgian Dream (89); Coalition for Changes (19); Unity - National Movement (16); Strong Georgia – Lelo, For people, For Liberty! (14); For Georgia (12)
National Anthem(s)
- Title
- "Tavisupleba" (Liberty)
- History
- adopted 2004, after the Rose Revolution; based on music from the operas "Abesalom da Eteri" and "Daisi"
- Lyrics/music
- Davit MAGRADSE/Zakaria PALIASHVILI (adapted by Joseb KETSCHAKMADSE)
- National symbol(s)
- Saint George, lion
- Administrative divisions
- 9 regions (mkharebi, singular - mkhare), 1 city (kalaki), and 2 autonomous republics (avtomnoy respubliki, singular - avtom respublika)
regions: Guria, Imereti, Kakheti, Kvemo Kartli, Mtskheta Mtianeti, Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti, Samegrelo and Zemo Svaneti, Samtskhe-Javakheti, Shida Kartli; note - the breakaway region of South Ossetia consists of the northern part of Shida Kartli, eastern slivers of the Imereti region and Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti, and part of western Mtskheta-Mtianeti
city: Tbilisi
autonomous republics: Abkhazia or Ap'khazet'is Avtonomiuri Respublika (Sokhumi), Ajaria or Acharis Avtonomiuri Respublika (Bat'umi)
Diplomatic Representation in the US
- Fax
- [1] (202) 387-0864
- Chancery
- 1824 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20009
- Telephone
- [1] (202) 387-2390
- Chief of mission
- Ambassador Tamar TALIASHVILI (since 24 July 2025)
- Consulate(s) general
- New York, San Francisco
- Email address and website
embgeo.usa@mfa.gov.ge
https://georgiaembassyusa.org/contact/
Diplomatic Representation from the US
- Fax
- [995] (32) 253-23-10
- Embassy
- 29 Georgian-American Friendship Avenue, Didi Dighomi, Tbilisi, 0131
- Telephone
- [995] (32) 227-70-00
- Mailing address
- 7060 Tbilisi Place, Washington, DC 20521-7060
- Chief of mission
- Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Alan S. PURCELL (since 16 July 2025)
- Email address and website
askconsultbilisi@state.gov
https://ge.usembassy.gov/
- International organisations
- ADB, BSEC, CD, CE, CPLP (associate), EAPC, EBRD, FAO, G-11, GCTU, GUAM, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, OAS (observer), OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PFP, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
- International law organization participation
- accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Legislature
GEORGIA · LEGISLATURE
Parliament
150 seats · hover a seat for the party
Total seats
150
Majority line
76
Largest party
Georgian Dream
Parties
5
All political parties
Leaders
Current
Salome Zourabichvili
- Head of State
Irakli Kobakhidze
- Head of Government
Economy
Budget
- Note
- note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
- Revenues
- $8.686 billion (2023 est.)
- Expenditures
- $9.307 billion (2023 est.)
Exports
- Civica canonical (reconciled)
- $16.3B
- Note
- note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
- Exports 2022
- $13.24 billion (2022 est.)
- Exports 2023
- $15.173 billion (2023 est.)
- Exports 2024
- $16.321 billion (2024 est.)
Imports
- Civica canonical (reconciled)
- $19.0B
- Note
- note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
- Imports 2022
- $15.665 billion (2022 est.)
- Imports 2023
- $17.816 billion (2023 est.)
- Imports 2024
- $18.915 billion (2024 est.)
- Industries
- steel, machine tools, electrical appliances, mining (manganese, copper, gold), chemicals, wood products, wine
- Labor force
- 1.833 million (2024 est.)
Public Debt
- Civica canonical (reconciled)
- 40.1%
- Note
- note: central government debt as a % of GDP
- Public debt 2023
- 43.4% of GDP (2023 est.)
Remittances
- Note
- note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
- Remittances 2022
- 15.4% of GDP (2022 est.)
- Remittances 2023
- 13.7% of GDP (2023 est.)
- Remittances 2024
- 11.8% of GDP (2024 est.)
Exchange Rates
- Currency
- laris (GEL) per US dollar -
- Exchange rates 2020
- 3.109 (2020 est.)
- Exchange rates 2021
- 3.222 (2021 est.)
- Exchange rates 2022
- 2.916 (2022 est.)
- Exchange rates 2023
- 2.628 (2023 est.)
- Exchange rates 2024
- 2.721 (2024 est.)
Debt External
- Note
- note: present value of external debt in current US dollars
- Debt external 2023
- $9.085 billion (2023 est.)
- Economic overview
- upper-middle income, fast-growing South Caucasus economy; regionally focused exporter of cars, metal ores, and energy; financial and migrant inflows resulting from Ukraine conflict; EU accession talks suspended over disputed election and foreign influence law; low inflation but persistent high unemployment
Unemployment Rate
- Civica canonical (reconciled)
- 12.1%
- Note
- note: % of labor force seeking employment
- Unemployment rate 2022
- 11.7% (2022 est.)
- Unemployment rate 2023
- 11.6% (2023 est.)
- Unemployment rate 2024
- 11.5% (2024 est.)
- Exports partners
- Azerbaijan 13%, Turkey 11%, Armenia 11%, Russia 10%, Kyrgyzstan 8% (2023)
- Imports partners
- Turkey 16%, USA 13%, Russia 11%, China 8%, Germany 6% (2023)
Real GDP Per Capita
- Civica canonical (reconciled)
- $28,285
- Note
- note: data in 2021 dollars
- Real GDP per capita 2022
- $21,000 (2022 est.)
- Real GDP per capita 2023
- $22,600 (2023 est.)
- Real GDP per capita 2024
- $25,000 (2024 est.)
Real GDP Growth Rate
- Civica canonical (reconciled)
- 9.7%
- Note
- note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
- Real GDP growth rate 2022
- 11% (2022 est.)
- Real GDP growth rate 2023
- 7.8% (2023 est.)
- Real GDP growth rate 2024
- 9.4% (2024 est.)
- Agricultural products
- milk, grapes, potatoes, maize, wheat, tangerines/mandarins, tomatoes, barley, apples, eggs (2023)
- Exports commodities
- cars, copper ore, electricity, garments, wine (2023)
- Imports commodities
- cars, refined petroleum, packaged medicine, natural gas, garments (2023)
Current Account Balance
- Civica canonical (reconciled)
- -$1.8B
- Note
- note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
- Current account balance 2022
- -$1.105 billion (2022 est.)
- Current account balance 2023
- -$1.709 billion (2023 est.)
- Current account balance 2024
- -$1.491 billion (2024 est.)
- Taxes and other revenues
- 23.6% (of GDP) (2023 est.)
- GDP (official exchange rate)
- $33.776 billion (2024 est.)
GDP Composition, BY End Use
- Note
- note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
- Household consumption
- 71.3% (2024 est.)
- Government consumption
- 13.4% (2024 est.)
- Investment in inventories
- 0.8% (2024 est.)
- Investment in fixed capital
- 22% (2024 est.)
- Exports of goods and services
- 48.4% (2024 est.)
- Imports of goods and services
- -56% (2024 est.)
- Population below poverty line
- 11.8% (2023 est.)
Average Household Expenditures
- On food
- 39% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
- On alcohol and tobacco
- 3.8% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
Inflation Rate (Consumer Prices)
- Civica canonical (reconciled)
- 1.1%
- Note
- note: annual % change based on consumer prices
- Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022
- 11.9% (2022 est.)
- Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023
- 2.5% (2023 est.)
- Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024
- 1.1% (2024 est.)
- Industrial production growth rate
- 5.4% (2024 est.)
Real GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)
- Civica canonical (reconciled)
- $91.849 billion (2024 est.)
- Note
- note: data in 2021 dollars
- Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022
- $77.838 billion (2022 est.)
- Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023
- $83.935 billion (2023 est.)
- Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024
- $91.849 billion (2024 est.)
Youth Unemployment Rate (Ages 15 24)
- Male
- 28.4% (2024 est.)
- Note
- note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
- Total
- 29.9% (2024 est.)
- Female
- 32.4% (2024 est.)
Reserves of Foreign Exchange and Gold
- Note
- note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
- Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022
- $4.886 billion (2022 est.)
- Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023
- $5.002 billion (2023 est.)
- Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024
- $4.447 billion (2024 est.)
GDP Composition, BY Sector of Origin
- Note
- note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
- Industry
- 19.1% (2024 est.)
- Services
- 62.8% (2024 est.)
- Agriculture
- 5.4% (2024 est.)
Household Income or Consumption BY Percentage Share
- Note
- note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population
- Lowest 10%
- 2.7% (2023 est.)
- Highest 10%
- 26.9% (2023 est.)
Gini Index Coefficient Distribution of Family Income
- Note
- note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality
- Gini index coefficient distribution of family income 2023
- 34.8 (2023 est.)
Energy
Coal
- Exports
- 80 metric tons (2023 est.)
- Imports
- 223,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
- Production
- 148,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
- Consumption
- 384,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
- Proven reserves
- 900.999 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Petroleum
- Total petroleum production
- 300 bbl/day (2023 est.)
- Crude oil estimated reserves
- 35 million barrels (2021 est.)
- Refined petroleum consumption
- 34,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
Electricity
- Exports
- 4.913 billion kWh (2023 est.)
- Imports
- 4.234 billion kWh (2023 est.)
- Consumption
- 12.569 billion kWh (2023 est.)
- Installed generating capacity
- 4.526 million kW (2023 est.)
- Transmission/distribution losses
- 1.148 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Natural Gas
- Imports
- 2.764 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
- Production
- 10.77 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
- Consumption
- 2.775 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
- Proven reserves
- 8.495 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)
Electricity Access
- Electrification total population
- 100% (2022 est.)
Energy Consumption Per Capita
- Total energy consumption per capita 2023
- 56.076 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
Electricity Generation Sources
- Wind
- 0.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
- Fossil fuels
- 23.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
- Hydroelectricity
- 75.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Communications
Internet Users
- Percent of population
- 82% (2023 est.)
- Broadcast media
- state-owned Georgian Public Broadcaster (GPB) includes Channel 1, Channel 2, and Adjara TV; independent commercial TV broadcasters include Imedi, Rustavi 2, Pirveli TV, Maestro, Kavkasia, Georgian Dream Studios (GDS), Obiektivi, Mtavari Arkhi, and TOK TV (Russian language); Tabula and Post TV are web-based TV outlets; Georgian Orthodox Church operates a satellite-based television station called Unanimity; 26 regional TV broadcasters; TV shifted to digital in 2015; several dozen private radio stations; GPB operates 2 radio stations (2019)
- Internet country code
- .ge
Telephones Fixed Lines
- Total subscriptions
- 278,000 (2023 est.)
- Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
- 7 (2023 est.)
Telephones Mobile Cellular
- Total subscriptions
- 5.91 million (2023 est.)
- Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
- 156 (2022 est.)
Broadband Fixed Subscriptions
- Total
- 1.1 million (2023 est.)
- Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
- 29 (2023 est.)
Transport
Ports
- Large
- 0
- Small
- 1
- Medium
- 0
- Key ports
- Batumi, Sokhumi, Supsa Marine Terminal
- Very small
- 2
- Total ports
- 3 (2024)
- Ports with oil terminals
- 2
- Airports
- 21 (2025)
Railways
- Total
- 1,363 km (2014)
- Broad gauge
- 1,326 km (2014) 1.520-m gauge (1,251 km electrified)
- Narrow gauge
- 37 km (2014) 0.912-m gauge (37 km electrified)
- Heliports
- 4 (2025)
Merchant Marine
- Total
- 26 (2023)
- BY type
- general cargo 3, other 23
- Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
- 4L
Environment
- Climate
- warm and pleasant; Mediterranean-like on Black Sea coast
Land Use
- Other
- 21.2% (2023 est.)
- Forest
- 44.6% (2023 est.)
- Agricultural land
- 34.1% (2023 est.)
- Agricultural land: arable land
- arable land: 4.4% (2023 est.)
- Agricultural land: permanent crops
- permanent crops: 1.8% (2023 est.)
- Agricultural land: permanent pasture
- permanent pasture: 27.9% (2023 est.)
Urbanization
- Note
- note: data include Abkhazia and South Ossetia
- Urban population
- 60.7% of total population (2023)
- Rate of urbanization
- 0.35% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Waste and Recycling
- Municipal solid waste generated annually
- 800,000 tons (2024 est.)
- Percent of municipal solid waste recycled
- 19.6% (2022 est.)
- Environmental issues
- air pollution, particularly in Rust'avi; heavy water pollution of Mtkvari River and the Black Sea; inadequate supplies of potable water; soil pollution from toxic chemicals; land and forest degradation; biodiversity loss; waste management
Total Water Withdrawal
- Municipal
- 504.96 million cubic meters (2022)
- Industrial
- 354.46 million cubic meters (2022)
- Agricultural
- 433.96 million cubic meters (2022)
Carbon Dioxide Emissions
- Total emissions
- 10.7 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
- From consumed natural gas
- 5.419 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
- From coal and metallurgical coke
- 812,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
- From petroleum and other liquids
- 4.469 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
- Particulate matter emissions
- 18.6 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
- Total renewable water resources
- 63.33 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
International Environmental Agreements
- Party to
- Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
- Signed, but not ratified
- none of the selected agreements
Military & Security
- Military note
- the Defense Forces of Georgia (DFG) are responsible for protecting the independence, sovereignty, and territorial integrity of the country; the DFG also provides units for multinational military operations abroad and supports the Border Police in border protection and civil authorities in counter-terrorist operations, if requested; it is focused primarily on Russia, which maintains military bases and troops in occupied Abkhazia and South Ossetia; a five-day conflict with Russian forces in 2008 resulted in the defeat and expulsion of Georgian forces from the breakaway regions
Georgia is not a member of NATO but has had a relationship with the Alliance since 1992 and declared its aspiration to join in 2002; the military is working to make itself more compatible with NATO and has participated in multinational exercises and security operations abroad with NATO, such as Afghanistan, where it was one of the top non-NATO contributors, and Kosovo; the DFG has also contributed troops to EU and UN missions (2025)
Military Expenditures
- Civica canonical (reconciled)
- 1.9%
- Military expenditures 2020
- 1.6% of GDP (2020 est.)
- Military expenditures 2021
- 1.5% of GDP (2021 est.)
- Military expenditures 2022
- 1.6% of GDP (2022 est.)
- Military expenditures 2023
- 1.7% of GDP (2023 est.)
- Military expenditures 2024
- 1.7% of GDP (2024 est.)
- Military and security forces
- Georgian Defense Forces (GDF; aka Defense Forces of Georgia, DFG): Ground Forces, Air Force, Special Operations Forces, National Guard
Ministry of Internal Affairs: Police, Border Police of Georgia, Coast Guard of Georgia (includes naval forces, which were merged with the Coast Guard in 2009) (2025) - Military service age and obligation
- 18-35 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; conscription was abolished in 2016, but reinstated in 2017 for men 18-27 years of age; conscript service obligation is up to 11 months depending on the assigned ministry, job specialty, and if the service is carried out in a combat unit (2025)
- Military equipment inventories and acquisitions
- the majority of the military's inventory consists of Soviet-era weapons and equipment, some of which has been upgraded; it has smaller quantities of mostly secondhand material from such countries as Israel, Poland, Türkiye, and the US, as well as some domestically produced equipment; Georgia has a small defense industry which produces such items as small arms and light armored vehicles (2025)
- Military and security service personnel strengths
- the Georgia Defense Forces are authorized up to 37,000 personnel (2025)
Transnational Issues
Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons
- Idps
- 347,754 (2024 est.)
- Refugees
- 31,791 (2024 est.)
- Stateless persons
- 488 (2024 est.)
Scores & Rankings
ScoreValueGlobal rankTrendAs of
Civica Index49.0 / 100as of 2024-Q487 / 1902024-Q4
V-Dem Liberal Democracy0.33as of 2024-Q491 / 1702024-Q4
Freedom House StatusNot Free (58/100)as of 2024-Q4—2024-Q4
Press Freedom (RSF)Partly free (50/100)as of 2024—2024
Cite this page
Cite this page
Civica. (2026). Civica Atlas — Georgia — vintage 2026-Q1: Georgia factbook. Civica Atlas. Retrieved May 7, 2026, from https://civicaatlas.org/factbook/georgia
Sources: FAO FAOSTAT, ILO ILOSTAT, IMF (WEO), UN Statistics Division, UNDP HDR, UNESCO Institute for Statistics, V-Dem, WHO Global Health Observatory, World Bank, WTO Stats, CIA World Factbook, Wikidata