Haiti

Semi-Presidential RepublicPop11.9MGDP (PPP)$33.0BCI16Beta CP0.0→Beta

Haiti

⌘K

Overview

Background: The native Taino -- who inhabited the island of Hispaniola when Christopher COLUMBUS first landed in 1492 -- were virtually wiped out by Spanish settlers within 25 years. In the early 17th century, the French established a presence on Hispaniola. In 1697, Spain ceded to the French the western third of the island, which later became Haiti. The French colony, based on forestry and sugar-related industries, became one of the wealthiest in the Caribbean but relied heavily on the forced labor of enslaved Africans and environmentally degrading practices. In the late 18th century, Toussaint L'OUVERTURE led a revolution of Haiti's nearly half a million slaves that ended France's rule on the island. After a prolonged struggle, and under the leadership of Jean-Jacques DESSALINES, Haiti became the first country in the world led by former slaves after declaring its independence in 1804, but it was forced to pay an indemnity of 100 million francs (equivalent to $22 billion USD in March 2023) to France for more than a century and was shunned by other countries for nearly 40 years. In 1862, the US officially recognized Haiti, but foreign economic influence and internal political instability induced the US to occupy Haiti from 1915 to 1934.

Francois "Papa Doc" DUVALIER and then his son Jean-Claude "Baby Doc" DUVALIER led repressive and corrupt regimes that ruled Haiti in 1957-1971 and 1971-1986, respectively. Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE was Haiti's first democratically elected president in 1991 and was elected a second time in 2000, but coups interrupted his first term after only a few months and ended his second term in 2004. President Jovenel MOÏSE was assassinated in 2021, leading the country further into an extra-constitutional governance structure and contributing to the country’s growing fragility. The Government of Haiti then installed Ariel HENRY -- whom President MOÏSE had nominated shortly before his death -- as prime minister.

On 29 February 2024, a significant escalation of gang violence occurred on the 20th anniversary of ARISTIDE's second overthrow, after the announcement that HENRY would not hold elections until August 2025. HENRY’s return from an overseas trip was diverted to Puerto Rico when the airport closed due to gang violence. With control of much of the capital, Port-au-Prince, gang leaders called for the ouster of HENRY’S government. By mid-March, Haiti’s continued violence, HENRY’S inability to return to the country, and increasing pressure from the international community led HENRY to pledge to resign. On 25 April 2024, HENRY formally submitted his resignation as a nine-member Transitional Presidential Council assumed control, tasked with returning stability to the country and preparing elections. Since January 2023, Haiti has had no sitting elected officials.

The country has long been plagued by natural disasters. In 2010, a major 7.0 magnitude earthquake struck Haiti with an epicenter about 25 km (15 mi) west of the capital, Port-au-Prince. An estimated 300,000 people were killed, and some 1.5 million left homeless. The earthquake was assessed as the worst in this region in 200 years. A 7.2 magnitude earthquake hit Haiti’s southern peninsula in 2021, causing well over 2,000 deaths; an estimated 500,000 required emergency humanitarian aid. Haiti is the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere, as well as one of the most unequal in wealth distribution.

Geography

Area

Land: 27,560 sq km
Water: 190 sq km
Total: 27,750 sq km

Climate: tropical; semiarid where mountains in east cut off trade winds
Terrain: mostly rough and mountainous

Land Use

Other: 21.5% (2023 est.)
Forest: 13.4% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: 65.1% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 36.5% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 10.9% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 17.8% (2023 est.)

Location: Caribbean, western one-third of the island of Hispaniola, between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, west of the Dominican Republic
Coastline: 1,771 km

Elevation

Lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m
Highest point: Pic la Selle 2,674 m
Mean elevation: 470 m

Irrigated land: 800 sq km (2013)
Map references: Central America and the Caribbean

Land Boundaries

Total: 376 km
Border countries: Dominican Republic 376 km

Maritime Claims

Contiguous zone: 24 nm
Territorial sea: 12 nm
Continental shelf: to depth of exploitation
Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Natural hazards: lies in the middle of the hurricane belt and subject to severe storms from June to October; occasional flooding and earthquakes; periodic droughts
Geography note: shares island of Hispaniola with Dominican Republic (western one-third is Haiti, eastern two-thirds is the Dominican Republic); it is the most mountainous nation in the Caribbean
Natural resources: bauxite, copper, calcium carbonate, gold, marble, hydropower, arable land
Area comparative: slightly smaller than Maryland
Geographic coordinates: 19 00 N, 72 25 W
Population distribution: fairly even distribution; largest concentrations located near coastal areas

People & Society

Literacy

Male: 72.9% (2017 est.)
Female: 63.9% (2017 est.)
Total population: 68% (2017 est.)

Languages

Languages: French (official), Creole (official)
Major language sample(s): The World Factbook, une source indispensable d'informations de base. (French)

The World Factbook, sous endispansab pou enfomasyon debaz. (Haitian Creole)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Religions: Catholic 55%, Protestant 29%, Vodou 2.1%, other 4.6%, none 10% (2018 est.)

Sex Ratio

At birth: 1.01 male(s)/female
0 14 years: 1 male(s)/female
15 64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female
Total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female

Birth rate: 20.76 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Death rate: 7 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Median Age

Male: 24.7 years
Total: 25.3 years (2025 est.)
Female: 25.3 years

Population

Male: 5,863,438
Total: 11,898,812 (2025 est.)
Female: 6,035,374

Nationality

Noun: Haitian(s)
Adjective: Haitian

Tobacco Use

Male: 12.4% (2025 est.)
Total: 7.1% (2025 est.)
Female: 2.1% (2025 est.)

Urbanization

Urban population: 59.7% of total population (2023)
Rate of urbanization: 2.47% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Age Structure

0 14 years: 30.5% (male 1,790,061/female 1,794,210)
15 64 years: 65.3% (male 3,787,782/female 3,887,791)
65 years and over: 4.2% (2024 est.) (male 214,600/female 279,499)

Ethnic groups: Black 95%, mixed and White 5%

Child Marriage

Men married BY age 18: 1.6% (2017)
Women married BY age 15: 2.1% (2017)
Women married BY age 18: 14.9% (2017)

Dependency Ratios

Total dependency ratio: 52.3 (2025 est.)
Youth dependency ratio: 45.8 (2025 est.)
Potential support ratio: 15.4 (2025 est.)
Elderly dependency ratio: 6.5 (2025 est.)

Physician density: 0.29 physicians/1,000 population (2022)

Health Expenditure

Health expenditure (as % of GDP): 3.5% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 4.1% of national budget (2022 est.)

Net migration rate: -1.54 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Hospital bed density: 4.8 beds/1,000 population (2021 est.)
Total fertility rate: 2.39 children born/woman (2025 est.)

Drinking Water Source

Improved: rural: rural: 42.8% of population (2022 est.)
Improved: total: total: 67.4% of population (2022 est.)
Improved: urban: urban: 84.6% of population (2022 est.)
Unimproved: rural: rural: 57.2% of population (2022 est.)
Unimproved: total: total: 32.6% of population (2022 est.)
Unimproved: urban: urban: 15.4% of population (2022 est.)

Education Expenditure

Education expenditure (% GDP): 1% of GDP (2023 est.)
Education expenditure (% national budget): 13.2% national budget (2025 est.)

Infant Mortality Rate

Male: 40.2 deaths/1,000 live births
Total: 35 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)
Female: 33.5 deaths/1,000 live births

Population growth rate: 1.22% (2025 est.)
Gross reproduction rate: 1.19 (2025 est.)
Population distribution: fairly even distribution; largest concentrations located near coastal areas

Life Expectancy at Birth

Male: 63.8 years
Female: 67.4 years
Total population: 65.6 years (2024 est.)

Maternal mortality ratio: 328 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

Sanitation Facility Access

Improved: rural: rural: 42.6% of population (2022 est.)
Improved: total: total: 66.3% of population (2022 est.)
Improved: urban: urban: 82.9% of population (2022 est.)
Unimproved: rural: rural: 57.4% of population (2022 est.)
Unimproved: total: total: 33.7% of population (2022 est.)
Unimproved: urban: urban: 17.1% of population (2022 est.)

Alcohol Consumption Per Capita

Beer: 0.55 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Wine: 0.03 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Total: 2.85 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Spirits: 2.26 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Major urban areas population: 2.987 million PORT-AU-PRINCE (capital) (2023)
Obesity adult prevalence rate: 22.7% (2016)
Mother's mean age at first birth: 22.4 years (2016/7 est.)
Currently married women (ages 15 49): 53.6% (2017 est.)
Children under the age of 5 years underweight: 10.7% (2023 est.)

Government

Civica · structure

How power is organised

ExecutiveLegislative

Flag: description: two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red; a centered white rectangle bears the coat of arms, which has a palm tree flanked by flags and two cannons above a scroll with the motto L'UNION FAIT LA FORCE (Union Makes Strength)

meaning: the colors are taken from the French flag and represent the union of ethnic groups

Capital

Name: Port-au-Prince
Etymology: the name means "the port of the prince" and probably came from a ship called The Prince that anchored in the bay in the early 18th century
Time difference: UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Daylight saving time: +1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November
Geographic coordinates: 18 32 N, 72 20 W

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

Citizenship

Citizenship BY birth: no
Citizenship BY descent only: at least one parent must be a native-born citizen of Haiti
Dual citizenship recognized: yes
Residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years

Constitution

Note: note: the constitution is commonly referred to as the “amended 1987 constitution”
History: many previous; latest adopted 10 March 1987, with substantial revisions in June 2012
Amendment process: proposed by the executive branch or by either the Senate or the Chamber of Deputies; consideration of proposed amendments requires support by at least two-thirds majority of both houses; passage requires at least two-thirds majority of the membership present and at least two-thirds majority of the votes cast; approved amendments enter into force after installation of the next president of the republic; constitutional articles on the democratic and republican form of government cannot be amended

Country Name

Etymology: derived from the Arawak name Ayti, meaning "Land of Mountains," that was originally applied to the entire island of Hispaniola
Local long form: République d'Haïti (French)/Repiblik d Ayiti (Haitian Creole)
Local short form: Haïti (French)/ Ayiti (Haitian Creole)
Conventional long form: Republic of Haiti
Conventional short form: Haiti

Independence: 1 January 1804 (from France)
Legal system: civil law system strongly influenced by Napoleonic Code
Government type: semi-presidential republic

Judicial Branch

Note: note: the Superior Council of the Judiciary or Conseil Supérieur du Pouvoir Judiciaire is a 9-member body charged with the administration and oversight of the judicial branch of government

note: Haiti is a member of the Caribbean Court of Justice, the Constitutional Court (called for in the 1987 constitution but not yet established), and the High Court of Justice, for trying high government officials (currently not functional)

note: Article 174 of Haiti's constitution states that judges of the Supreme Court are appointed for 10 years, whereas Article 177 states that judges of the Supreme Court are appointed for life
Highest court(s): Supreme Court or Cour de cassation (consists of 12 judges)
Subordinate courts: Courts of Appeal; Courts of First Instance; magistrate's courts; land, labor, and children's courts
Judge selection and term of office: judges appointed by the president from candidate lists submitted by the Senate of the National Assembly

Executive Branch

Note: note: former Prime Minister Ariel HENRY, who had assumed executive responsibilities following the assassination of President MOÏSE on 7 July 2021, resigned on 24 April 2024; a nine-member Presidential Transitional Council, equipped with presidential powers, was sworn in on 25 April 2024 and will remain in place until 7 February 2026
Cabinet: Cabinet chosen by the prime minister in consultation with the president; parliament must ratify the Cabinet and prime minister's governing policy
Chief of state: President (vacant)
Election results: 2016: Jovenel MOÏSE elected president in first round; percent of vote - Jovenel MOÏSE (PHTK) 55.6%, Jude CELESTIN (LAPEH) 19.6%, Jean-Charles MOÏSE (PPD) 11%, Maryse NARCISSE (FL) 9%; other 4.8%

2011: Michel MARTELLY elected president in second round; percent of vote in second round - Michel MARTELLY (Peasant's Response) 68%, Mirlande MANIGAT (RDNP) 32%
Head of government: Prime Minister Alix Didier FILS-AIMÉ (since 10 November 2024)
Most recent election date: 20 November 2016
Election/appointment process: president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a single non-consecutive term)
Expected date of next election: 30 August 2026

National holiday: Independence Day, 1 January (1804)
National color(s): blue, red

National Heritage

Total world heritage sites: 1 (cultural)
Selected world heritage site locales: National History Park – Citadel, Sans Souci, Ramiers

Political parties: Alternative League for Haitian Progress and Emancipation (Ligue Alternative pour le Progrès et l’Emancipation Haïtienne) or LAPEH
Christian Movement for a New Haiti or MCNH or Mochrenha
Christian National Movement for the Reconstruction of Haiti or UNCRH
Combat of Peasant Workers to Liberate Haiti (Konbit Travaye Peyizan Pou Libere Ayiti) or Kontra Pep La
Convention for Democratic Unity or KID
Cooperative Action to Rebuild Haiti or KONBA
December 16 Platform or Platfom 16 Desanm
Democratic Alliance Party or ALYANS (coalition includes KID and PPRH)
Democratic Centers' National Council or CONACED
Democratic and Popular Sector (Secteur Démocratique et Populaire) or SDP
Democratic Unity Convention (Konvansyon Inite Demokratik) or KID
Dessalinian Patriotic and Popular Movement or MOPOD
Effort and Solidarity to Create an Alternative for the People or ESKAMP
Fanmi Lavalas or FL
Forward (En Avant)
Fusion of Haitian Social Democrats (Fusion Des Sociaux-Démocrates Haïtiens) or FHSD
G18 Policy Platform (Plateforme Politique G18)
Haiti in Action (Ayiti An Aksyon Haiti's Action) or AAA
Haitian Tet Kale Party (Parti Haitien Tet Kale) or PHTK
Independent Movement for National Reconciliation or MIRN
Lavni Organization or LAVNI
Lod Demokratik
Love Haiti (Renmen Ayiti) or RA
MTV Ayiti
National Consortium of Haitian Political Parties (Consortium National des Partis Politiques Haitiens) or CNPPH
National Shield Network (Reseau Bouclier National)
Organization of the People's Struggle (Oganizasyon Pep Kap Lite) or OPL
Patriotic Unity (Inite Patriyotik) or Inite
Platform Pitit Desalin (Politik Pitit Dessalines) or PPD
Political Party for Us All or Bridge (Pont) or Pou Nou Tout
Popular Patriotic Dessalinien Movement (Mouvement Patriotique Populaire Dessalinien) or MOPOD
Rally of Progressive National Democrats (Rassemblement des Démocrates Nationaux Progressistes) or RDNP
Respe (Respect)
Women and Families Political Parties (Defile Pati Politik Fanm Ak Fanmi)

Legislative Branch

Note: note 1: when the two chambers meet collectively, it is known as the National Assembly (or L'Assemblée nationale) and is convened for specific purposes spelled out in the constitution

note 2: as of October 2024, the Senate and Chamber of Deputies were not functional
Legislature name: National Assembly (Assemblée nationale)
Legislative structure: bicameral

National Anthem(s)

Title: "La Dessalinienne" (The Dessalines Song)
History: adopted 1904; named for Jean-Jacques DESSALINES, founder of Haiti
Lyrics/music: Justin LHERISSON/Nicolas GEFFRARD

National symbol(s): Hispaniolan trogon (bird), hibiscus flower
Administrative divisions: 10 departments (départements, singular - département); Artibonite, Centre, Grand'Anse, Nippes, Nord, Nord-Est, Nord-Ouest, Ouest, Sud, Sud-Est

Legislative Branch Lower Chamber

Chamber name: Chamber of Deputies (Chambre des Députés)
Term in office: 4 years
Number of seats: 119 (all directly elected)
Electoral system: plurality/majority
Scope of elections: full renewal
Most recent election date: 8/9/2015 to 10/25/2015
Expected date of next election: August 2026
Percentage of women in chamber: 0%
Parties elected and seats per party: Haitian Tet Kale Party (PHTK) (9); Konvansyon Inite Demokratik (KID) (7); Ayiti an aksyon (AAA) (6); Fanmi Lavalas (6); Patriotic Unity Party (Inite Patriyotik) (4); People's Struggle Party (OPL) (7); Other (24)

Legislative Branch Upper Chamber

Chamber name: Senate (Sénat)
Term in office: 6 years
Number of seats: 30 (all directly elected)
Electoral system: plurality/majority
Scope of elections: partial renewal
Most recent election date: 11/20/2016 to 1/29/2017
Expected date of next election: August 2026
Parties elected and seats per party: Haitian Tet Kale Party (PHTK) (9); Truth (Vérité) (3); Konvansyon Inite Demokratik (KID) (2); Bouclier (2); Ayiti an aksyon (AAA) (2); Other (10)

Diplomatic Representation in the US

Fax: [1] (202) 745-7215
Chancery: 2311 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
Telephone: [1] (202) 332-4090
Chief of mission: Ambassador Lionel DELATOUR (since 11 June 2025)
Consulate(s) general: Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Miami, Orlando (FL), New York
Email address and website: amb.washington@diplomatie.ht

https://www.haiti.org/

Diplomatic Representation from the US

Fax: [011] (509) 2229-8027
Embassy: Tabarre 41, Route de Tabarre, Port-au-Prince
Telephone: [011] (509) 2229-8000
Mailing address: 3400 Port-au-Prince Place, Washington, DC 20521-3400
Chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Henry T. WOOSTER (since 12 June 2025)
Email address and website: acspap@state.gov

https://ht.usembassy.gov/

International organisations: ACP, ACS, AOSIS, Caricom, CD, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OIF, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, Petrocaribe, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
International law organization participation: accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; non-party state to the ICCt

Legislature

HAITI · LOWER HOUSE

Chamber of Deputies

119 seats · hover a seat for the party

Total seats

119

Majority line

Largest party

Haitian Tet Kale Party (PHTK)

Parties

All political parties21 parties · 119 seats · click to dim in hemicycle

Upper house

HAITI · UPPER HOUSE

Senate

30 seats · hover a seat for the party

Total seats

Majority line

Largest party

Haitian Tet Kale Party (PHTK)

Parties

All political parties15 parties · 30 seats · click to dim in hemicycle

Leaders

Current

TC
Transitional Presidential Council
- Head of StateSince 2024
AF
Alix Didier Fils-Aimé
- Head of GovernmentSince 2024

Economy

Budget

Revenues: $1.179 billion (2020 est.)
Expenditures: $1.527 billion (2020 est.)

Exports

Civica canonical (reconciled): $857.8M

Note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Exports 2021: $1.272 billion (2021 est.)
Exports 2022: $1.355 billion (2022 est.)
Exports 2023: $1.095 billion (2023 est.)

Imports

Civica canonical (reconciled): $4.8B

Note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports 2021: $5.048 billion (2021 est.)
Imports 2022: $5.451 billion (2022 est.)
Imports 2023: $5.303 billion (2023 est.)

Industries: textiles, sugar refining, flour milling, cement, light assembly using imported parts
Labor force: 5.281 million (2024 est.)

Public Debt

Civica canonical (reconciled): 33.9% of GDP (2016 est.)

Public debt 2016: 33.9% of GDP (2016 est.)

Remittances

Note: note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Remittances 2021: 19.1% of GDP (2021 est.)
Remittances 2022: 18.8% of GDP (2022 est.)
Remittances 2023: 18.9% of GDP (2023 est.)

Exchange Rates

Currency: gourdes (HTG) per US dollar -
Exchange rates 2020: 93.51 (2020 est.)
Exchange rates 2021: 89.227 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2022: 115.631 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2023: 141.036 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2024: 131.811 (2024 est.)

Debt External

Note: note: present value of external debt in current US dollars
Debt external 2023: $1.865 billion (2023 est.)

Economic overview: small Caribbean island economy and OECS-member state; extreme poverty and inflation; enormous income inequality; ongoing civil unrest due to recent presidential assassination; US preferential market access; very open to foreign direct investment

Unemployment Rate

Civica canonical (reconciled): 14.9%

Note: note: % of labor force seeking employment
Unemployment rate 2022: 14.7% (2022 est.)
Unemployment rate 2023: 14.6% (2023 est.)
Unemployment rate 2024: 15.1% (2024 est.)

Exports partners: USA 82%, Canada 4%, Mexico 2%, France 2%, India 2% (2023)
Imports partners: USA 31%, Dominican Republic 23%, China 14%, Indonesia 4%, India 3% (2023)

Real GDP Per Capita

Civica canonical (reconciled): $3,194

Note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP per capita 2022: $3,000 (2022 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2023: $3,000 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2024: $2,800 (2024 est.)

Real GDP Growth Rate

Civica canonical (reconciled): -4.2%

Note: note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
Real GDP growth rate 2022: -1.7% (2022 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2023: -1.9% (2023 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2024: -4.2% (2024 est.)

Agricultural products: sugarcane, cassava, plantains, bananas, mangoes/guavas, avocados, maize, tropical fruits, rice, vegetables (2023)
Exports commodities: garments, essential oils, scrap iron, industrial acids/oils/alcohols, bedding (2023)
Imports commodities: refined petroleum, rice, garments, cotton fabric, plastic products (2023)

Current Account Balance

Civica canonical (reconciled): -$145.1M

Note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Current account balance 2021: $87.656 million (2021 est.)
Current account balance 2022: -$491.954 million (2022 est.)
Current account balance 2023: -$682.57 million (2023 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate): $25.224 billion (2024 est.)

GDP Composition, BY End Use

Note: note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
Household consumption: 99.8% (2024 est.)
Government consumption: 5.7% (2024 est.)
Investment in inventories: 0% (2024 est.)
Investment in fixed capital: 9.9% (2024 est.)
Exports of goods and services: 3.4% (2024 est.)
Imports of goods and services: -18.8% (2024 est.)

Inflation Rate (Consumer Prices)

Civica canonical (reconciled): 26.9%

Note: note: annual % change based on consumer prices
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022: 34% (2022 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023: 36.8% (2023 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024: 26.9% (2024 est.)

Industrial production growth rate: -4.7% (2024 est.)

Real GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)

Civica canonical (reconciled): $32.971 billion (2024 est.)

Note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022: $35.059 billion (2022 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023: $34.406 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024: $32.971 billion (2024 est.)

Youth Unemployment Rate (Ages 15 24)

Male: 30% (2024 est.)
Note: note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
Total: 37.5% (2024 est.)
Female: 47.1% (2024 est.)

Reserves of Foreign Exchange and Gold

Note: note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022: $2.173 billion (2022 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023: $2.586 billion (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024: $2.718 billion (2024 est.)

GDP Composition, BY Sector of Origin

Note: note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
Industry: 33.4% (2024 est.)
Services: 48.3% (2024 est.)
Agriculture: 15.9% (2024 est.)

Energy

Coal

Imports: 5.7 metric tons (2022 est.)

Petroleum

Refined petroleum consumption: 19,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)

Electricity

Consumption: 861 million kWh (2023 est.)
Installed generating capacity: 472,000 kW (2023 est.)
Transmission/distribution losses: 152 million kWh (2023 est.)

Natural Gas

Imports: 3.2 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
Consumption: 3.2 million cubic meters (2023 est.)

Electricity Access

Electrification rural areas: 1.2% (2019 est.)
Electrification urban areas: 83%
Electrification total population: 49.3% (2022 est.)

Energy Consumption Per Capita

Total energy consumption per capita 2023: 3.486 million Btu/person (2023 est.)

Electricity Generation Sources

Solar: 0.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Fossil fuels: 81.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Hydroelectricity: 18.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Communications

Internet Users

Percent of population: 39% (2019 est.)

Broadcast media: 398 legal broadcasting stations, including about 60 community radio stations; 105 TV stations, including 36 in Port-au-Prince, 41 others in the provinces, and more than 40 radio-television stations; large number of stations operate irregularly or flout regulations; VOA Creole Service broadcasts daily on 30 affiliate stations (2019)
Internet country code: .ht

Telephones Fixed Lines

Total subscriptions: 1,360 (2022 est.)
Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2022 est.) less than 1

Telephones Mobile Cellular

Total subscriptions: 7.5 million (2022 est.)
Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 65 (2022 est.)

Broadband Fixed Subscriptions

Total: 35,000 (2022 est.)
Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2022 est.) less than 1

Transport

Ports

Large: 0
Small: 0
Medium: 1
Key ports: Cap Haitien, Jacmel, Miragoane, Petit Goave, Port au Prince
Very small: 4
Total ports: 5 (2024)
Ports with oil terminals: 1

Airports: 17 (2025)
Heliports: 2 (2025)

Merchant Marine

Total: 4 (2023)
BY type: general cargo 3, other 1

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix: HH

Environment

Climate: tropical; semiarid where mountains in east cut off trade winds

Land Use

Other: 21.5% (2023 est.)
Forest: 13.4% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: 65.1% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 36.5% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 10.9% (2023 est.)
Agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 17.8% (2023 est.)

Urbanization

Urban population: 59.7% of total population (2023)
Rate of urbanization: 2.47% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Waste and Recycling

Municipal solid waste generated annually: 2.31 million tons (2024 est.)
Percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 9.1% (2022 est.)

Environmental issues: deforestation (trees cleared for agriculture and used as fuel); soil erosion; inadequate potable water and lack of sanitation; natural disasters

Total Water Withdrawal

Municipal: 190 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Industrial: 51 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Agricultural: 1.209 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)

Carbon Dioxide Emissions

Total emissions: 2.854 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
From consumed natural gas: 6,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
From petroleum and other liquids: 2.848 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

Particulate matter emissions: 9.8 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Total renewable water resources: 14.022 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)

International Environmental Agreements

Party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection
Signed, but not ratified: Nuclear Test Ban

Military & Security

Military note: Haiti's military was disbanded in 1995 after it participated in multiple coups and was accused of other political interference and human rights violations; the military was reinstated by former President MOISE in 2017 after the UN ended its peacekeeping operation in Haiti; the reconstituted military established an Army command in 2018 and has received some training assistance from Argentina, Colombia, Ecuador, France, and Mexico; the military’s stated mission is to assist with natural disaster relief, border security, and combating transnational crime; in 2023, Prime Minister HENRY called upon the military to assist the National Police (PNH) in combating armed gangs, which have overwhelmed the PNH, killed hundreds of Haitians, and seized control of swaths of territory, including much of the capital Port-au-Prince, since the assassination of President MOISE in 2021

in 2023, the UN Security Council approved the deployment of a Kenya-led multinational security support mission (MSS) to help bring gang violence under control; the first contingent of MSS personnel from the Kenya National Police Service arrived in mid-2024; other countries pledging forces included the Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Benin, Chad, and Jamaica; the mission is slated to have a total of 2,500 personnel (2025)
Military and security forces: the Haitian Armed Forces (FAdH): Army

Ministry of Justice and Public Security: Haitian National Police (Police Nationale d'Haïti or PNH) (2025)
Military service age and obligation: men and women 18-25 may volunteer for the FAdH (2023)
Military equipment inventories and acquisitions: in recent years, Canada, Taiwan, UAE, and the US have provided some equipment to the Haitian security forces, including vehicles (2025)
Military and security service personnel strengths: estimates vary; up to 2,000 trained military personnel (the force is planned to eventually have around 5,000 personnel); estimates for the National Police range from a low of 9,000 to a high of about 13,000 (2025)

Terrorism

Terrorist group(s): Gran Grif; Viv Ansanm

Transnational Issues

Illicit Drugs

Usg identification: major illicit drug-producing and/or drug-transit country (2025)

Trafficking in Persons

Tier rating: Special Case; for more details, go to: https://www.state.gov/reports/2025-trafficking-in-persons-report/haiti/

Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons

Idps: 1,041,229 (2024 est.)
Refugees: 5 (2024 est.)

Scores & Rankings

ScoreValueGlobal rankTrendAs of

Civica Index16.0 / 100as of 2024-Q4171 / 1902024-Q4

V-Dem Liberal Democracy0.08as of 2024-Q4144 / 1702024-Q4

Freedom House StatusNot Free (25/100)as of 2024-Q4—2024-Q4

Press Freedom (RSF)Partly free (50/100)as of 2024—2024

Cite this page

Cite this pageAPA · BibTeX · Chicago · JSON

Civica. (2026). Civica Atlas — Haiti — vintage 2026-Q1: Haiti factbook. Civica Atlas. Retrieved May 7, 2026, from https://civicaatlas.org/factbook/haiti

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Sources: FAO FAOSTAT, ILO ILOSTAT, IMF (WEO), UN Statistics Division, UNDP HDR, UNESCO Institute for Statistics, V-Dem, WHO Global Health Observatory, World Bank, WTO Stats, CIA World Factbook, Wikidata

Haiti

Area

Land Use

Elevation

Land Boundaries

Maritime Claims

Literacy

Languages

Sex Ratio

Median Age

Population

Nationality

Tobacco Use

Urbanization

Age Structure

Child Marriage

Dependency Ratios

Health Expenditure

Drinking Water Source

Education Expenditure

Infant Mortality Rate

Life Expectancy at Birth

Sanitation Facility Access

Alcohol Consumption Per Capita

How power is organised

Capital

Citizenship

Constitution

Country Name

Judicial Branch

Executive Branch

National Heritage

Legislative Branch

National Anthem(s)

Legislative Branch Lower Chamber

Legislative Branch Upper Chamber

Diplomatic Representation in the US

Diplomatic Representation from the US

Chamber of Deputies

Senate

Current

Transitional Presidential Council

Alix Didier Fils-Aimé

Budget

Exports

Imports

Public Debt

Remittances

Exchange Rates

Debt External

Unemployment Rate

Real GDP Per Capita

Real GDP Growth Rate

Current Account Balance

GDP Composition, BY End Use

Inflation Rate (Consumer Prices)

Real GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)

Youth Unemployment Rate (Ages 15 24)

Reserves of Foreign Exchange and Gold

GDP Composition, BY Sector of Origin

Coal

Petroleum

Electricity

Natural Gas

Electricity Access

Energy Consumption Per Capita

Electricity Generation Sources

Internet Users

Telephones Fixed Lines

Telephones Mobile Cellular

Broadband Fixed Subscriptions

Ports

Merchant Marine

Land Use

Urbanization

Waste and Recycling

Total Water Withdrawal

Carbon Dioxide Emissions

International Environmental Agreements

Illicit Drugs